以人为本的绿色建筑设计——浅谈中国城市住宅中居民热适应性于建筑节能的潜力

以中国城市居民的热适应性研究为切入角探讨建筑节能工作中从人出发的"软技术"节能潜力.在热舒适和热适应性理论的基础上,通过对夏热冬冷地区(武汉)城市住宅热环境和居民热适应性行为的实地调研,指出现有建筑节能规范的不足,并提出绿色住宅设计应充分发挥使用者主动性,通过改进建筑设计的灵活性和用能效率为使用者提供最大的"热适应性机会",在获取热舒适的同时将建筑能耗降到最低.     

《城乡规划法》实施背景下的武汉控制性详细规划编制方法探讨

<城乡规划法>明确了控制性详细规划的法律地位和实施效力,对控制性详细规划编制方法及管理体系提出了新的要求.为了更好地完成控制性详细规划的编制工作,实现技术编制与管理实施有机衔接,武汉市从编制目标着手,提出了控制性详细规划编制的新思路和新方法,包括组建"分区规划-控规导则-控规"三段式的规划编制框架,采取"法定文件、指导文件、基础图件"三合一的成果编制形式,运用实线控制、虚线控制、虚位控制、点位控制和指标控制五种方式进行用地控制等.     

空心楼盖在人防地下室顶板中的设计与应用

结合工程实例,介绍了与空心楼盖有关的几个设计要点:拟梁法、柱端抗冲切和抗浮验算,同时介绍了空心楼盖施工抗浮措施。认为空心楼盖可用于人防地下室。     

Collecting comprehensive traffic information using pavement vibration monitoring data

Traffic data is essential for intelligent traffic management and road maintenance. However, the enormous effort used for data collection and analysis, combined with conventional approaches for traffic monitoring, is inefficient due to its high energy consumption, high cost, and the nonlinear relationships among various factors. This article proposes a new approach to obtain traffic information by processing raw data on pavement vibration. A large amount of raw data was collected in real time by deploying a vibration‐based in‐field pavement monitoring system. The data was processed with an efficient algorithm to achieve the monitoring of the vehicle speed, axle spacing, driving direction, location of the vehicle, and traffic volume. The vehicle speed and axle spacing were back‐calculated from the collected data and verified with actual measurements. The verification indicated that a reasonable precision could be achieved using the developed methods. Vehicle types and vehicles with an abnormal weight were identified by a three‐layer artificial neural network and the k‐means++ cluster analysis, respectively, which may help law enforcement in determining on an overweight penalty. A cost and energy consumption estimation of an acceleration sensing node is discussed. An upgraded system with low cost, low energy consumption, and self‐powered monitoring is also discussed for enabling future distributed computing and wireless application. The upgraded system might enhance integrated pavement performance and traffic monitoring.     

基于摄影法的红黏土裂隙试验研究

准确提取红黏土裂隙特征,有助于进一步研究裂隙对红黏土工程性质的影响。本文以桂林红黏土试样为试验研究对象,获取红黏土表面裂隙数字图像后,通过比对不同方法,发现直方图阈值法适用于红黏土的裂隙图像分割。通过去除杂点、填充细小孔洞,将裂隙数字图像转化为二值图像,最后进行骨骼化和消刺处理,可得裂隙骨骼图像。研究发现试样在第5次干湿循环后裂隙发育均已趋稳定;初始含水率为25%的试样在干湿循环作用下发育出线状裂隙;初始含水率为28%的试样则发育出网状裂隙;干湿循环次数与裂隙率和裂隙总长度具有良好的相关性,可用二次函数拟合。     

Metal Organic Deposition of Lanthanum Zirconate Buffer Layer on Biaxially Textured Ni-5%W Substrate

In this study,a simple template consisted of Y2O3 and La2Zr2O7 (LZO) layers was fabricated on rolling assisted biaxially textured Ni-5at%W substrates for YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) coated conductors.A thin sputtered Y2O3 layer (～20 nm) was introduced as a seed layer in order to induce epitaxial growth of metal organic deposited LZO layer.The effects of Y2O3 layer,annealing temperature and dwelling time on the phase and texture of the LZO films were systematically investigated.X-ray diffraction exhibited that the LZ...     

相关技术在超声信号渡越时间参数估计中的应用

探讨了相关技术在超声信号检波模式情况下对超声信号渡越时间参数TOF(Time of Flight)的估计应用。     

C/C复合材料表面TaC涂层的制备和生成机制

报道了一种在C/C复合材料基体上制各抗烧蚀TaC涂层的新方法.采用红外光谱、XRD及SEM表征了生成TaC涂层的Ta源:TaO2F·rH2O·TaF5.采用SEM观察了不同温度下转变生成的TaC涂层的形貌.在1200℃高温热处理,TaC涂层形貌为细颗粒状,在1800℃高温热处理后,TaC涂层为柱状晶.TaC的生成机制为:TaO2F·rH2O·TaF5高温分解凝聚生成的Ta2O5沉积在C/C复合材料基体表面,碳原子在Ta2O5中扩散反应生成TaC,TaC涂层形貌可由生成Ta2O5的凝聚成核理论解释.     

亚微米陶瓷颗粒补强合金化涂层的研究

以亚微米级TiC和CrxCy合金混合粉末为原料,采用激光合金化技术在球铁表面制备出耐磨、耐腐蚀、耐高温的合金化层.利用XRD、SEM、EDS等分析了激光合金化层的相组成及微观组织,并测试了激光合金化的显微硬度,在室温干摩擦条件下测试了涂层的耐磨性.结果表明,合金化涂层致密,硬度(HV)达930(测试载荷2 000 N),干摩擦条件下材料磨损量是基材球墨铸铁的1/16,合金化涂层的耐磨性有一定的提高.     

矿化剂对YAl_(1-x)Cr_xO_3陶瓷红色料性能的影响

采用XRD、FESEM及色度测试等多种分析方法,研究了矿化剂种类、组合方式及添加量对(YAl_(1-x)Cr_xO_3)色料性能的影响.结果表明:适合于该色料的矿化剂有单一矿化剂CaF_2、二元复合矿化剂NaF+CaCO_3和三元矿化剂LiF+MgF_2+Na_2CO_3,促使晶形发育完善和呈色的综合效果为:CaF_2>NaF+CaCO_3>LiF+MgF_2+Na_2CO_3.矿化剂NaF+CaCO_3合成的色料主晶相为钇铝榴石(AlYO_3),次晶相为二钇铝榴石(Al_2Y_4O_9),残余相是Y_2O_3,另外两种矿化剂合成的色料则没有次晶相出现.NaF+CaCO_3的添加量在8%～12%(质量分数,下同)、CaF_2的添加量在13%～17%时,色料有较好的红度值.