Microstructure and mechanical properties of the spark plasma sintered TaC/SiC composites: Effects of sintering temperatures

TaC/SiC composites with 20 vol.% SiC addition were densified by spark plasma sintering at 1600–1900 °C for 5 min under 40 MPa. Effects of sintering temperatures on the densification, microstructures and mechanical properties of composites were investigated. The results showed the materials achieved >98% of theoretical density at a temperature as low as 1600 °C. While the TaC grains grew slightly with the sintering temperature increasing, the SiC particles in materials decreased in size. Equiaxed to elongated grain morphology transformation was observed in the SiC phase in the 1900 °C material to obtain a higher flexural strength and fracture toughness of 715 MPa and 6.7 MPa m^1/2, respectively. Lattice enlargement of the TaC phase in the 1900 °C material suggested possible Si diffusion into TaC grains. Ta was also detected in SiC grains by energy dispersive spectroscopy. Glassy pockets present at multi-grain junctions explained the enhanced densification.     

相变材料在建筑节能中的研究及应用

相变材料是一类高效的储能物质,通过与传统的建筑材料复合可提升建筑材料功能、降低建筑能耗和调整建筑室内环境舒适度,近年来发展迅速、受到愈来愈广泛的重视,并已在建筑节能中得到了多种应用。叙述了相变材料与建筑材料复合的制备方法、研究和应用进展,对现阶段相变材料在建筑节能中的研究及其存在的问题进行了总结与分析,并指出了其进一步的研究方向。     

β-二酮盐对聚氯乙烯的热稳定作用——性能递变规律与机理EI北大核心CSCD

用烘箱变色法研究了β-二酮盐对聚氯乙烯(PVC)的热稳定作用。结果表明,其热稳定性能随金属离子极化力和酸根中与羰基和烯醇基C原子相连基团吸电子性的增强而提高。基于金属离子极化力实质上也是吸电子性,上述递变规律可统一为β-二酮盐的热稳定性能随羰基和烯醇基所连接基团吸电子性的增强而提高。据此推测,β-二酮盐是通过其烯醇基或羰基C原子或金属离子作为亲电反应中心与PVC发生亲电反应而起热稳定作用的。这表明,传统Frye和Horst热稳定剂作用机理至少不适用于β-二酮盐,热稳定剂的确切作用机理还需进一步的研究加以阐明。     

Sn基钎料与Cu和Al基板的润湿性比较研究

采用润湿平衡法测量了四种Sn基钎料(Sn-37Pb、Sn-3.OAg-0.5Cu、Sn-0.7Cu与Sn-9Zn)分别在250,260和270℃与Cu、Al两种基板的润湿性能.结果表明:钎料与Al基板的润湿时间均比Cu基板长,除Sn-9Zn外,其他三种钎料与Cu基板的润湿力比Al基板大,并且随着温度升高,润湿性能提高,...     

超临界CO2 萃取制备腰果仁油工艺优化及其脂肪酸成分分析

以腰果仁为原料,采用超临界CO2 萃取技术萃取腰果仁油,研究萃取温度、萃取压强、萃取时间、CO2 流量对腰果仁油得率的影响,通过响应面法优化最佳提取工艺条件,采用气相色谱甲酯法对腰果仁油的脂肪酸成分进行分析。结果表明,超临界CO2 萃取腰果仁油的最佳条件为萃取温度45 ℃、萃取压强40 MPa、CO2 流量4.2 L/min、萃取时间1.6 h,该条件下腰果仁油得率为46.41%,与模型预测结果接近。气相色谱甲酯法对脂肪酸成分分析表明,腰果仁油含有12 种脂肪酸成分,其中含量较高的4 种脂肪酸成分分别为油酸58.42%、亚油酸18.75%、棕榈酸11.160%、硬脂酸9.890%,不饱和脂肪酸含量达78.21%。     

基于纤维模型RC框架结构非线性全过程分析

纤维模型对梁、柱单元非线性全过程分析能有更加精确和完整的把握,是目前结构非线性分析模型的研究热点,而在极限承载力附近的计算发散问题,一直是困扰混凝土结构非线性全过程分析的关键问题.本文基于纤维模型提出了一种可以用于混凝土结构全过程分析的算法,编制了柔度法分析程序,直接从材料本构关系出发,对平面钢筋混凝土框架结构进行了全过程非线性静力分析.同试验结果的对比表明,程序具有较好的分析非线性问题的能力.     

基于域方法的饱和励磁控制器设计

同步发电机励磁系统受到物理结构的限制,励磁电压的输出含有饱和环节,其具有非线性特征。基于域方法,提出饱和励磁控制器的设计思路。首先,利用扩张状态观测器,对模型内部不确定性和外部扰动进行动态补偿,实现非线性系统的反馈线性化;然后,引入饱和指示器,将含饱和环节的线性化模型转化为多面体模型,并将饱和系统的二次稳定性条件用不等式表示出来;引入初始状态域,将初始状态域含于椭球吸引域内的几何关系表示为不等式;最后,为使系统在给定初始状态域、吸引域和线性矩阵不等式区域内满足二次稳定条件,将控制器设计问题转化为双线性矩阵不等式的求解问题。算例研究表明:设计的控制器是有效的,具有优良的控制性能。     

Re-examination of phase relations between solid solutions in R4Al2O9-R4Si2N2O7-R4Si2O10 (R=Y,Gd, Yb) systems

Samples in Si–Al-R-O-N (R = Y, Gd, Yb) systems were prepared by solid-state reactions using R₂O₃, Al₂O₃, SiO₂ and Si₃N₄ powders as starting materials. X-ray diffraction was done to investigate RAM-J(R) solid solutions [RAM = R₄Al₂O₉, J(R) = R₄Si₂N₂O₇] formation and their equilibrium with RSO (R₄Si₂O₁₀). Phase relations between RAM, J(R) and RSO at 1700 °C were summarized in a phase diagram. It was determined that a limited solid solution of RAM and RSO could be formed along RAM-RSO tie-line, while RAM and J(R) form a continuous solid solution along RAM-J(R) tie-line. In RAM-J(R)-RSO ternary systems, the RAM-J(R) tie-lines were extended towards the RSO corner to form a continuous solid solution area of JRAMss (R = Y, Gd, Yb). The established phase relations in the Si–Al-R-O-N (R = Y, Gd, Yb) systems may facilitate compositional selections for developing JRAMss as monolithic ceramics or for SiC/Si₃N₄ based composites using the solid-solutions as a second refractory phase.     

Effect of boron addition on microstructure,mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of TaC ceramics

TaC ceramics with 0.03–0.60?wt% of boron additions were prepared by hot pressing at 2100?°C for 1?h under a pressure of 40?MPa. Effects of boron content on densification, phase composition, microstructure, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of the TaC ceramics were investigated. When the boron content was 0.12?wt% and above, full density was obtained due to reactions between boron and oxygen impurity at presence of TaC. Minor phases of TaB₂ and C were formed in the 0.24 and 0.60?wt% B compositions after gas-out of the oxygen impurity. Microstructure of the TaC ceramics was refined with increasing in boron content. The TaC ceramic with 0.24?wt% of boron showed the best mechanical properties with a Vickers hardness, flexural strength and fracture toughness of 17.7?GPa, 534?MPa and 4.6?MPa?m^1/2, respectively. When more boron was added, interfacial bonding of the TaC grains was strengthened causing a decrease in fracture toughness. Oxidation resistance of the TaC ceramics increased with boron content. Particularly, the 0.60?wt% B composition showed a weight gain of 0.0018?g/cm² after oxidization at 800?°C in air for 3?h.     

40mm厚TC4钛合金窄间隙激光填丝焊接头组织及性能

利用窄间隙激光填丝焊接工艺完成了40 mm厚TC4钛合金的焊接,通过OM、SEM、EDS、XRD、EBSD等测试方法对接头各区域进行微观组织和结构分析,并测试了其力学性能.结果表明,焊缝截面整体成形良好,无明显未熔合与气孔缺陷.接头三个区域的显微组织相同:焊缝柱状晶内部分布着密集排列的针状α'马氏体和弥散分布的颗粒状的αg相,同一β晶粒内部α'择优取向,大角度晶界比例较高.焊缝中心各区都是典型的α'+β双相结构.热影响区为过渡态组织,越靠近焊缝侧,其组织形态与焊缝处越相似,焊接过程中Al元素向热影响区发生了扩散.焊接接头焊缝区整体硬度高于母材,盖面区最高,平均值约为380HV.接头的抗拉强度最大值为954 MPa,拉伸试样均断在母材,断口为韧性断裂,接头各区室温冲击性能均低于母材.