Examining the use of Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> nanoparticles to enhance the NH<Subscript>3</Subscript> sensitivity of polypyrrole films

Summary Polypyrrole (PPy) composite films with different contents of Fe₃O₄ were prepared by in-situ polymerization of pyrrole in aqueous solutions. The dependence of dc current changes on the response of the samples exposure to NH₃ vapor has been investigated. The results shows the composite films are more stable than the pristine ones after being exposed to NH₃ vapor. Meanwhile, the response time was reduced with increasing the Fe₃O₄ content in the films. The results might be originated from the structural changes in the PPy films caused by the addition of Fe₃O₄.     

化工过程pH值的模糊免疫PID控制

针对化工过程pH值变化的非线性、时滞特点,提出一种模糊免疫PID控制方法;该方法依据生物免疫原理设计免疫反馈PID控制器,并使用模糊控制器来实现免疫反馈的非线性函数,然后优化控制器的参数,最后借助MATLAB工具进行仿真实验;PID控制器比例控制由公式5计算,其参数优化结果为K=4.5,η=2.0,Ki=0.009,Kd=6.0。仿真结果显示,模糊免疫PID控制效果优于自适应模糊PID和普通PID控制的控制效果。     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

分光光度法测定含氯矿物中微量硝酸根

目前用于测定硝酸根的方法较多,但对于含氯矿物中微量硝酸根的测定新方法尚未见报道。基于在硫酸介质中,硝酸根对靛蓝二磺酸钠的氧化作用,使靛蓝二磺酸钠发生褪色反应,而且褪色程度与硝酸根含量呈线性关系,建立了分光光度法测定含氯矿物中微量硝酸根的新方法,并对存在的相关问题进行了探讨。该方法硝酸根在0~1.2μg/mL符合朗伯—比耳定律,摩尔吸光系数ε=5.3×103L/(mol.cm),标准偏差S=0.003 87(RSD,n=6);平均回收率可达99.3%。方法简便、快速、准确,用于含氯矿物中微量硝酸根测定,结果满意。     

再生丁基橡胶与非极性不饱和橡胶共混物的性能研究

对再生丁基橡胶(RIIR)与非极性不饱和橡胶共混物的性能进行了研究。结果表明,RIIR易以填料的形式加入到非极性不饱和橡胶中使用,当RIIR以填料的形式加入到NR、BR及SBR中时,不仅使它们的耐热氧老化性及耐屈挠龟裂性得到明显改善,而且使NR及BR的撕裂强度及扯断伸长率提高;RIIR作为生胶与BR及NR共混,可改善BR的耐热氧老化性,提高NR的撕裂强度;SBR与RIIR共混,均使拉伸强度及撕裂强度降低;非极性不饱和二烯类橡胶与RIIR共混后,均使耐磨性降低。     

Synthesis and characterization of CdS nanocrystals embedded on solid electrolyte films

In this article nano‐sized CdS crystal embedded in a PEO matrix was successfully prepared by a complex transformation method that is universal for preparing nanosized compounds containing transition metals. The size of embedded CdS particles was in the nanoscale from 2 to 10 nm determined by X‐ray diffusion. The nanosized CdS displayed the expected blue shift of the onset absorbance in the UV spectrum. The amount of blue shift depends upon the dipping time of the PEO–cadmium complex film in a sodium sulfide solution as well as its concentration. The most effective means for adjusting the size of CdS nanocrystals is to change the ratio of the oxygen along with the PEO chain to the cadmium ion in the complex film. The alkali salt in the film would contribute to the conductivity of the composite film. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1263–1268, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10459     

自适应梯度重建分水岭分割算法

目的 针对灰度分水岭算法存在过分割且难以直接应用到彩色图像分割的问题,提出一种自适应梯度重建分水岭分割算法。方法 该方法首先利用PCA技术对彩色图像降维,然后计算降维后的梯度图像,并采用自适应重建算法修正梯度图像,最后对优化后的梯度图像应用分水岭变换实现对彩色图像的正确分割。结果 采用融合了颜色距离、均方差和区域信息的性能指标和分割区域数对分割效果进行评估,对不同类型的彩色图像进行分割实验,本文算法在正确分割图像的同时获得了较高的性能指标。与现有的分水岭分割算法相比,提出的方法能有效剔除图像中的伪极小值,减少图像中的极小值数目,从而解决了过分割问题,有效提升了分割效果。结论 本文算法具有较好的适用性和较高的鲁棒性。     

垂直姿态的非正交测量优化与校正

垂直小角度时,采用的非正交姿态测量方法旨在解决传感器输出信号极微弱和解算精度低等问题。描述了非正交坐标系的理论模型,对其进行了优化,确定了最佳偏置角度。利用补偿矩阵对因测斜仪安装问题引入的位置误差进行校正,通过井斜角和工具面角的解算结果验证校正效果。测试结果表明,在偏置角为45°时,姿态参数具有较高的解算精度;而数据校正能大幅度降低位置误差,进一步提高测量精度。     

车辆悬架减震优化设计方法仿真

车辆在不同路况和不同车速等情况下,悬架系统弹性元件受到的冲击大小差异很大,无法形成固定的振动规则,振动剧烈程度与阻尼系数无法关联.传统车辆悬架减振设计方法,采用固定阻尼系数来减少弹性元件的振动,没有考虑不同路况及车速产生的振动剧烈程度不同的问题,减振效果较差.提出一种车辆悬架减震优化有限元设计方法,分析车辆悬架减震器的功能和结构,塑造车辆悬架减震优化模型,采用ANSYS有限元软件中一阶优化方法进行车辆悬架减振优化设计,以悬架减震器阻尼力为优化目标,以减震器阻尼系数为优化设计变量,以静强度和最大减震强度为约束条件,对车辆悬架减震进行有限元优化设计,确保车辆车身振动迅速衰弱,使车身能够很快达到一种稳定状态.实验结果表明,上述方法使车辆减震阻尼力和最大减震强度都优于传统方法,具有较高的稳定性和控制精度.     

Energetic surface heterogeneity of nanocrystalline TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> films for dye-sensitized solar cells

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been receiving significant attention because they have many advantages compared to conventional organic solar cells. It has been known that the photovoltaic characteristics of DSSC are highly dependent on the adsorption properties of dyes on TiO₂ films. To analyze the surface heterogeneity of TiO₂ surfaces, single-phase anatase nanocrystallite titanium films were prepared by sol-gel method using the hydrolysis reaction of titanium tetraisopropoxide under acidic condition and characterized by XRD, FE-SEM and BET analysis. The adsorption energy distribution functions were calculated by the generalized nonlinear regularization method. It was found that the shape and the intensity of the adsorption energy distribution curve determined were highly related with the physical properties (i.e., geometrical heterogeneity) and chemical characteristics (i.e., energetic heterogeneity) of nanocrystalline TiO₂ for DSSC.