Exogenous Melatonin Reprograms the Rhizosphere Microbial Community to Modulate the Responses of Barley to Drought Stress

The rhizospheric melatonin application-induced drought tolerance has been illuminated in various plant species, while the roles of the rhizosphere microbial community in this process are still unclear. Here, the diversity and functions of the rhizosphere microbial community and related physiological parameters were tested in barley under the rhizospheric melatonin application and drought. Exogenous melatonin improved plant performance under drought via increasing the activities of non-structural carbohydrate metabolism enzymes and activating the antioxidant enzyme systems in barley roots under drought. The 16S/ITS rRNA gene sequencing revealed that drought and melatonin altered the compositions of the microbiome. Exogenous melatonin increased the relative abundance of the bacterial community in carbohydrate and carboxylate degradation, while decreasing the relative abundance in the pathways of fatty acid and lipid degradation and inorganic nutrient metabolism under drought. These results suggest that the effects of melatonin on rhizosphere microbes and nutrient condition need to be considered in its application for crop drought-resistant cultivation.     

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Patterns of the SWEET Gene Family in Bletilla striata and its Responses to Low Temperature and Oxidative Stress

SWEETs (sugars will eventually be exported transporters), a well-known class of sugar transporters, are involved in plant growth and development, sugar transport, biotic and abiotic stresses, etc. However, to date, there have been few investigations of SWEETs in Orchidaceae. In this study, 23 SWEET genes were identified in Bletilla striata for the first time, with an MtN3/saliva conserved domain, and were divided into four subgroups by phylogenetic tree. The same subfamily members had similar gene structures and motifs. Multiple cis-elements related to sugar and environmental stresses were found in the promoter region. Further, 21 genes were localized on 11 chromosomes and 2 paralogous pairs were found via intraspecific collinearity analysis. Expression profiling results showed that BsSWEETs were tissue-specific. It also revealed that BsSWEET10 and BsSWEET18 were responsive to low temperature and oxidative stresses. In addition, subcellular localization study indicated that BsSWEET15 and BsSWEET16 were localized in the cell membrane. This study provided important clues for the in-depth elucidation of the sugar transport mechanism of BsSWEET genes and their functional roles in response to abiotic stresses.     

太赫兹技术在医学科学中的应用及研究进展

近年来太赫兹光(0.1 THz~10 THz)因其良好的探测能力和非电离特性受到研究者们的关注。根据不同的检测方式和信号处理方法,可分为太赫兹成像技术和太赫兹光谱技术两大类。太赫兹技术在医学科学中发展迅速,其中生物大分子检测和组织成像令人印象深刻。水含量和结构差异是太赫兹成像技术的理论基础,据此可对生物组织进行检测识别。不同的生物组织具有不同的太赫兹特征谱,太赫兹光谱技术通过检测吸收系数、折射系数和反射系数来识别不同的生物分子、细胞或组织。实时、无标记的检测方式有望在临床实践中发挥重要作用,但仍需克服生物安全性不明等困难。综述介绍了太赫兹技术在医学科学中的应用及研究进展,同时探讨了太赫兹技术目前需要克服的难题和潜在的生物安全性问题。

     

表面微结构金属干式电极制造及细菌粘附性能研究

为开发出高性能生物医用干式电极,提出了利用激光微铣-重铸加工方法,实现了表面具有微结构阵列特征的新型金属干式电极的制造成形。在分析电极表面微观形貌的基础上,研究了电极表面的润湿性能,并重点研究了扫描间距、扫描速度和扫描次数等加工参数对大肠杆菌粘附性能的影响规律。研究结果表明：在一定工艺参数条件下所加工出具有微结构阵列特征的电极的接触角可达150°以上,表现出超疏水的特性。在不同扫描间隙和扫描次数条件下加工出的电极对大肠杆菌的粘附性能具有较大影响,在选择0.1 mm扫描间隙时,电极表面粘附的大肠杆菌数量最少,适当增加扫描次数,也能够有效地减少电极表面大肠杆菌的粘结,从而发挥较好的抗菌效果。通过改变扫描速度加工出的电极则对大肠杆菌的粘附性能影响不大。     

三种市售牛奶巧克力气味活性化合物的对比及其与感官知觉的关系

应用DHDA和顶空感官鉴评对三种市售牛奶巧克力的主要气味活性化合物进行了鉴定和对比。共有23种主要气味活性化合物被鉴定。定量数据及感官鉴评数据应用主成分分析法（PCA）进行了分析。结果表明,巧克力A除在己醛（青草香）、戊基呋喃（甜香）、三甲基吡嗪（坚果香）有较高浓度水平,其它化合物浓度水平都较其它两种品牌巧克力都要低;巧克力C在2-壬酮（甜香、蜜香）、乙酸（酸香、尖刺）、四甲基吡嗪（烤香,焦香）、苯甲醛（苦杏仁香）、2-甲基丙酸（腐臭）、呋喃甲醇（药香）、3-甲基丁酸（酸臭）、乙酸苯乙酯（花香、蜜香）、苯甲酸异戊酯（甜香、花香）这些化合物浓度指标上都比其它两种品牌巧克力要高且较突出;而B巧克力的呈强烈黑巧克力香的3-甲基丁醛（麦芽香、可可香）含量尤为突出,且具有较高含量的二甲基吡嗪类（爆米花香）、糠醛（土豆香）、苯甲醇（药香）、苯乙醇（玫瑰香）、苯并噻唑（橡胶味）、乙酰基吡咯（坚果香）,其它的一些呈烤香、坚果香的物质含量也较高。结合感官鉴评数据进行相关性分析表明,在牛奶巧克力中,3-甲基丁醛、苯乙醇主要贡献黑巧克力香韵,乙酸、2-甲基丙酸,3-甲基丁酸主要贡献酸香韵,四甲基吡嗪、乙酸苯乙酯主要贡献烤/坚果香韵。另外,清甜香韵和奶香韵与其它香韵有明显负相关作用。      

巴美肉羊肌纤维特性与糖酵解潜力相关性的研究

以巴美肉羊为实验材料,测定了不同部位肌肉(背最长肌、股二头肌和冈上肌)肌纤维组织学特性和糖酵解潜力,研究了不同部位肌肉肌纤维组织学特性的差异,分析了肌纤维特性和糖酵解潜力之间的相关关系。结果表明,三个部位肌肉的肌纤维中以ⅡB型肌纤维为主。Ⅰ型、ⅡA型肌纤维在背最长肌中含量最少,股二头肌中次之,冈上肌中最多。ⅡB型肌纤维与之相反。Ⅰ型肌纤维直径和横截面积在三块肌肉间存在显著差异(p<0.05)。冈上肌中的ⅡA型肌纤维的直径和横截面积显著大于其他两个部位(p<0.05),背最长肌中的ⅡB型肌纤维的直径和横截面积小于其他两个部位(p<0.05)。背最长肌的糖酵解潜力值显著高于股二头肌和冈上肌的(p<0.05)。糖酵解潜力与Ⅰ型、ⅡA型肌纤维个数比例和面积比例成显著的负相关(p<0.05),与ⅡB型肌纤维数量比和面积比成显著的正相关(p<0.05)。      

基于有限样本的大气偏振模式生成方法

大气偏振模式在导航等领域具有广阔的应用前景,但是由于受到大气偏振信息采集装置物理特性的限制,在同一时刻只能获得局部的、不连续的偏振信息,对实际应用产生影响。针对此问题,本文通过挖掘大气偏振模式分布的连续性,提出一种大气偏振模式生成方法,从局部的偏振信息生成全天域的大气偏振模式。此外,偏振信息往往受到不同的天气条件、地理环境等因素的影响,而这些偏振数据在真实环境中难以采集。针对此问题,本文挖掘不同天气、地理条件下有限样本数据之间的多样性关系,以此关系将生成的大气偏振模式泛化到不同的条件下。本论文在仿真数据和实测数据上进行了实验,并与其它最新方法进行对比,实验结果证明了本文方法的优越性和鲁棒性。     

Blockchain and MEC-Assisted Reliable Billing Data Transmission over Electric Vehicular Network:An Actor–Critic RL Approach

Recently, electric vehicles (EVs) have been widely used under the call of green travel and environ-mental protection, and diverse requirements for charg-ing are...     

电信网通信质量管理及综合评价

在建立电信网质量评价指标体系的基础上,运用多级模糊综合评判、加权平均和一票否决法,对电信网通信质量进行综合评价,取得了较好效果.