Owner’s Risk Allocation and Contractor’s Role Behavior in a Project: A Parallel-mediation Model

Risk allocation decisions are of critical importance in project management. The present study proposes an explanation for how risk allocation in a contract motivates a contractor to cooperate with a project owner. Theories of risk allocation and trust were used to motivate the research. Using a survey methodology, we collected data concerning 124 construction projects in China. We found that risk allocation influenced the contractor’s role behavior through the contractor’s feeling of being trusted but not the contractor’s trust in the owner. Feeling of being trusted partially mediated the effect of risk allocation on the contractor’s in-role (i.e., contractual) behavior and fully mediated the effect on extra-role behavior. The study introduces a social and psychological view of the impacts of risk allocation to the project and engineering management literature. We contribute to theory by arguing and demonstrating the mediating effect of trust on the relationship between risk allocation and contractor behavior. From a practical standpoint, we conclude that contractual risk allocation has a significant impact on building a trusting relationship between owners and contractors and that contractors who feel trusted perform both contractually mandated actions and actions external to the contract more diligently, resulting in the likelihood of improved outcomes for both parties.     

Theoretical and practical implications of creep curve shape analyses for 7010 and 7075

Over tensile stress ranges giving creep lives up to 2000 hours at 373 to 463 K, the creep and creep fracture properties of 7010 are compared with results recorded for 7075 and other precipitation-hardened aluminum alloys. Using the ϕ methodology to quantify the systematic variations in creep curve shape with changing test conditions, the behavior patterns displayed by the different alloys are shown to depend on the extent to which precipitate coarsening causes a progressive loss of creep strength with increasing test duration and temperature. The ϕ relationships also introduce new approaches for rationalization and interpretation of creep data sets, based on the activation energy for lattice diffusion in the alloy matrices and the yield stress or UTS at the creep temperatures.     

Colloidal Synthesis of Hollow Cobalt Sulfide Nanocrystals

Formation of cobalt sulfide hollow nanocrystals through a mechanism similar to the Kirkendall Effect has been investigated in detail. It is found that performing the reaction at > 120 °C leads to fast formation of a single void inside each shell, whereas at room temperature multiple voids are formed within each shell, which can be attributed to strongly temperature‐dependent diffusivities for vacancies. The void formation process is dominated by outward diffusion of cobalt cations; still, the occurrence of significant inward transport of sulfur anions can be inferred as the final voids are smaller in diameter than the original cobalt nanocrystals. Comparison of volume distributions for initial and final nanostructures indicates excess apparent volume in shells, implying significant porosity and/or a defective structure. Indirect evidence for fracture of shells during growth at lower temperatures was observed in shell‐size statistics and transmission electron microscopy images of as‐grown shells. An idealized model of the diffusional process imposes two minimal requirements on material parameters for shell growth to be obtainable within a specific synthetic system.     

Understanding silica-supported metal catalysts: Pd/silica as a case study

Supported metal catalysts, particularly noble metals supported on SiO₂, have attracted considerable attention due to the importance of the silica–metal interface in heterogeneous catalysis and in electronic device fabrication. Several important issues, e.g., the stability of the metal–oxide interface at working temperatures and pressures, are not well-understood. In this review, the present status of our understanding of the metal–silica interface is reviewed. Recent results of model studies in our laboratories on Pd/SiO₂/Mo(1 1 2) using LEED, AES and STM are reported. In this work, epitaxial, ultrathin, well-ordered SiO₂ films were grown on a Mo(1 1 2) substrate to circumvent complications that frequently arise from the silica–silicon interface present in silica thin films grown on silicon.     

油藏演化的两个极端过程

油气藏形成之后，在地质务件变化不大的情况下，储集层中的油气一般保持相对的稳定。但当地质条件变化较大时，油气藏中则发生明显的蚀变。其中两个极端的演化过程，一是抬升破坏形成生物降解沥青，一是深埋发生原油裂解转化成焦沥青和天然气。生物降解沥青没有一定的形态．在显微镜下呈席状分布，沥青反射率低，抽提物具有明显的生物降解特征。原油裂解形成的焦沥青具有一定的几何形态，沥青反射率很高而无常规抽提物。原油裂解生成的天然气在组分和碳同位素特征上与干酪根裂解生成的天然气有别。图6参15     

简化形式的系统EMC预测分析技术概述

本文探讨了系统级简化形式的电磁兼容性预测分析方法，该方法对于只有几对发-收干扰对的系统EMI的预测分析简洁有效，它避免了大系统间繁复的建模与大量的数据采集及其计算工作，从而对于只考虑其结果的系统间的EMC预测分析提高了效率。     

渤海湾盆地石油地质储量和产量增长趋势的预测

渤海湾盆地的石油地质储量发现过程具有明显的渐进性、阶段性和长期性，石油产量的增长也具有一定的起伏性，用一个周期的单旋回哈伯特模型难以预测其发展趋势。通过分析渤海湾盆地的勘探开发历程，结合新一轮常规油气资源评价的结果，分别采用4个和3个哈伯特旋回拟合石油地质储量发现和产量增长曲线。预测结果显示，2005-2015年渤海湾盆地处于石油地质储量发现高峰期，2015年左右其石油产量达到高峰，之后处于下降趋势。实践证明，利用多旋回哈伯特模型对具有“多峰”特征的石油地质储量和产量的未来趋势进行预测是一种有效的方法。     

基于交会图和多元统计法的神经网络技术在火山岩识别中的应用

针对火山岩储层的特殊性(复杂性、离散性和随机性),应用BP神经网络技术对火山岩测井解释中岩性识别问题进行了研究。该方法的技术关键是样本集和初始权重的建立,以及模型的优选。本文提出了一种基于交会图和多元统计法的学习样本生成方法,即根据取心岩样的地球化学和岩石学研究,用交会图技术建立样本集,采用聚类分析和距离判别法确定初始权重。将研究方法应用在松辽盆地杏山地区火山岩岩性识别问题中,取得了很好的效果,岩性解释符合率高于90%。文中通过四种岩性识别处理模式的对比研究,表明赋权重处理模式为最优处理模型。在神经网络模型预测过程中,需充分利用已有的地质经验和测井曲线信息建立典型可靠的样本文件,同时考虑神经网络方法中各种因素的影响,优选模型和计算参数才能使预测结果符合实际情况。     

关于以能力建设为基础的培训工作研究

提高对人才能力建设的培训水平,是国有企业培训机构在人才培训工作与人力资源开发过程中需要深入研究、探索的重要课题。针对中国石油化工集团公司推进改革发展、实现企业战略目标对高级管理人才的需求,以企业高级管理人才任职前培训为目标,在培训需求研究、课程设计与内容开发、教学手段和方法、培训过程管理与质量保证机制、培训效果评估等方面进行研究。     

Mathematical modelling and numerical simulation of ordered porosity metal materials formation

Ordered porosity metal materials belong to a relatively new class of porous materials named gasars. This paper presents a mathematical model of the complex physical phenomena in the production of gasars. Analyses for heat transfer, solidification kinetics and gas diffusion were coupled to describe the formation of unique gasar structure. Several criterial functions were introduced to provide significant quantitative information about the relationship between the operating technological parameters and the final structure. The computational outcomes of the numerical simulation were compared with the characteristics of real gasar ingots. The model was applied to determine the boundary conditions that would provide approximately constant physical conditions on the solidification front. The structure sensitiveness of gasars with respect to the different technological parameters is discussed.