Heat-induced Gelation of Myosins/Subfragments from Chicken Leg and Breast Muscles at High Ionic Strength and Low pH

Heat-induced gelation was studied to examine the reason for marked differences in gel strength of myosins at 0.6M KCl and pH 5–6. When leg myosin (L-myosin) or L-myosin tail subfragment was mixed with breast myosin (B-myosin) or B-myosin tail subfragment, rigidity of the mixture gel was higher than the sum of rigidities of the component gels. Difference in strength of heat-induced gel between L- and B-myosin seemed to be caused by differences in filament-forming ability and in gel-forming ability of head and tail segments of both kinds of myosins.     

Antimicrobial Effects of Pressured Carbon Dioxide in a Continuous Flow System

The application of microbubbles of pressured CO₂ greatly increased CO₂ concentration in the solution treated. By treatment at 6 MPa, 35°C and average residence time 15 min, L. brevis was completely inactivated at the level of dissolved CO₂,γ≧ 11 (γ, Kuenen's gas absorption coefficient). E. coli and S. cerevisiae required γ≧ 17, and T. versatilis required γ≧ 21 for complete inactivation. Z. rouxii could be sterilized at 20 MPa and 26. A comparison of the continuous and batch method showed that L. brevis was inactivated completely under pressured CO₂ > 0.16 g/cm³ with the continuous method and >0.9 g/cm³ with the batch method.     

Formation of Defects in Glass Under Electron Bombardment

Needlelike crystals grew from a fragment of glass bombarded with intense electron beams in an electron microscope. This phenomenon was limited to glasses containing mobile atoms such as Na and Pb, to fresh surfaces, and to the part of the sample not coated with carbon film. When there was a relatively thick carbon film on the surface, prolonged electron bombardment caused the formation of bubbles within the fragments.     

日本结构抗震加固的工程实例

本文由株式会社日建设计的结构设计部工程师具体介绍了一些地震加固工程实例。由于日本是多地震国家,不仅在结构设计时要求建筑物在地震后易于加固,而且在结构加固时也要求加固得足以抵抗将来可能发生的更强烈的地震,以保证建筑物的耐久性能。在日本,抗震理论和技术年复一年地提高,这里,主要介绍两种地震加固的方法—制振和隔震。实例1是采用含低屈服点钢材的吸能支撑(Energy Absorption Bracing,EAB)来进行地震加固的例子。该建筑建造于1970年,是一个64m高的型钢骨混凝土结构(Steel framed Re-inforced Concrete,SRC)。实例2是建于1920年的一所大学的小礼拜堂。这个2层的建筑高12.6m,由砖建成。在经过多方调查后,提出了三种方案来对其进行地震加固,最终选用了基底隔震技术来使得建筑上部的钢筋用量最小。实例3是一个国际儿童文献图书馆的改造工程,该图书馆成功地保留了原来建筑的历史价值,并且又增加了很多当代图书馆的新功能。在该工程中采用了基底隔震技术。     

海洋波浪信息资源评估系统的波力发电应用研究

波浪的原始观测数据量大,难以进行直观分析,为此建立了海洋波浪信息资源计算机评估系统,并利用此系统详细评估了浙江嵊山海域的波浪资源.结果表明:该海域波功率为0.5～8.8 kW/m,2 kW/m的频率分布为60%左右,因而在该海区可采用波能发电作为能源供给的一种辅助方式.分析风浪向波功率的频率分布,对于波力发电装置的浪向选择有一定指导意义.在夏季,55%以上波功率频率分布与偏南方向有关;在秋冬季,60%以上波功率频率分布与偏北方向有关.该海区波浪周期集中分布于4～5 s,波高集中分布于1.2～1.5 m,这种集中分布的特点对波能装置的设计和波能的有效利用非常有利.     

TEXTURE-STRUCTURE RELATIONSHIPS IN HEAT-INDUCED SOY PROTEIN GELS

Structural factors responsible for textural properties of heat-induced soy protein gels were investigated using microscopic and mechanical testing techniques. The gels were prepared by heating 20% soy protein pastes for 30 min at temperatures ranging from 25 to 130°C . Gel hardness increased linearly with the heating temperature up to 80°C , and decreased when the gels were heated at over 90°C , especially over 120°C . The equilibrium modulus estimated by tensile stress relaxation experiments was of the order of 10⁴ - 10⁵ dyne/cm², suggesting the presence of crosslinks, and there was a good correlation between the equilibrium modulus and the hardness of the gels. Solubility in phosphate buffer containing 2 -mercaptoethanol and/or urea suggested that the gel network was formed through crosslinking of the disulfide-, hydrogen- and hydrophobic-bonding types, and that the textural properties were governed by the degree of the network formation controlled by the heating temperature. SEM images of the 80°C -induced hard gels revealed a porous structure having membranous walls of thin compact film. With the 40°C -induced soft gels, the formation of the porous structure was not yet adequate, while a partial collapse of this structure was observed in the 120°C -induced fragile gels.     

TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT ERROR BY RADIAL INSERTION OF THERMOCOUPLE IN THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY MEASURING DEVICE

To measure the temperature of the inner part of a material, an axially inserted thermocouple is often used. But, when the measurement by an axially inserted thermocouple is difficult, we must insert the thermocouple radially. In the case of radial insertion, a measuring error usually exists. To know the true temperature by the method of radial insertion of a thermocouple, we must conduct numerical calculations.

In this report, numerical calculations have been conducted for the temperature measuring error by radial insertion of thermocouple in a gas thermal conductivity measuring device.^2-5     

Prediction by dual mode GMDH

The effect of applying the dual mode group method of data handling (GMDH) to the prediction of social systems is investigated. In order to suppress overfitting, a method is adopted whereby the predictional model is automatically changed to the uni-input basic function mode from the original GMDH basic function mode at a sign of overfitting. Two examples show the effectiveness of this method.     

Jib crane control to suppress load swing

The simulation of a jib crane control strategy is reported which transfers a load under the condition of suppressing the load swing both in the transfer process and at the objective position, making the transfer time as short as possible. A non-linear dynamic equation of the load in a jib crane motion is derived. By linearizing the equation and giving a cost function of the second order, the control problem becomes LQ-type with control constraint u. Computer simulations show that this control strategy is able to suppress the load swing by the extending or shrinking motion of the boom.