海面SAR时域回波信号可视化仿真计算

利用计算机来模拟合成孔径雷达回波信号是雷达系统仿真中重要的一部分。借助雷达目标的高频电磁散射特性,运用图形电磁计算方法,开发了可快速、有效地获取合成孔径雷达回波信号的方法,可为合成孔径雷达成像提供原始的雷达回波数据。以起浪海面为目标实例,利用海浪频谱构建海面的几何模型,针对此海面模型,运用高频散射机理,实时可视化地计算其电磁波回波场强以及模拟出时域回波信号。利用条带式合成孔径雷达成像方法,通过该回波信号仿真出海浪面的合成孔径图像,验证了该方法有效性。     

风电容量可信度研究综述与展望

风电容量可信度定义为等可靠性前提下风电机组可以替代的常规机组的容量占风电装机容量的比例,是衡量风电对电力系统充裕度贡献的重要指标。随着我国风电的大规模并网,风电容量可信度将成为电力规划中电力平衡的重要指标。综述了风电容量可信度的定义与主要计算方法,总结了风电容量可信度的影响因素,分析了风电容量可信度的变化机理,展望了未来有待进一步研究的方向。     

基于真空原理的光声光谱变压器DGA脱气装置

作为变压器状态评估最重要的手段之一,油中溶解气体分析成功避免过多起潜伏绝缘事故。相对于常规的气相色谱而言,光声光谱原理是油中溶解气体分析的一种新原理,对用户具有诸多优点。本文讨论了一种适用于光声光谱变压器油中溶解气体分析系统的真空脱气装置。在脱气装置中使用了基于活塞方式的真空脱气技术,可在30min内完成一次脱气,脱气效率可达95%。     

Effects of combustor size and filling condition on stability limits of premixed H2‐air flames in planar microcombustors

An experimental study on stability limits of premixed hydrogen‐air flames in planar microcombustors (H = 1 mm and 1.5 mm) partially filled with porous medium is carried out, focusing on the effects of combustor sizes and filling conditions. Critical conditions for blow‐off, flashback, and breaking through the porous medium are experimentally measured. The blow‐off limits are nearly independent of combustor sizes and filling conditions, while the flashback limits are strongly influenced by the combustor size and the filling conditions. Critical values for breaking through are identified with two different methods, and it is shown that standing combustion waves are settled over a range of velocities, instead of a fixed value of filtration velocity, which is considered an important characteristic of microcombustion. Most results can be explained by the classic boundary velocity gradient theory by von Elbe and Lewis, and thus the validity of the theory to the present channel spacings is confirmed. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 2571–2580, 2015     

用Shedlovsky方法求解298.15K时硫酸氧钒离子对解离常数

采用电导法测定了水溶液中298.15 K时VOSO4·n H2O(s)的电导率,通过Origin数据拟合求出极限摩尔电导;采用改进的Ostwald稀释定律和改进的Davies方程求解活度系数,进而求得溶液的真实离子强度;采用Shedlovsky方法求解硫酸氧钒离子对的解离常数。经过数据处理得到了298.15 K时硫酸氧钒极限摩尔电导率Λ0为209.205 020 9S·dm2/mol,硫酸氧钒离子对的解离常数Kd为0.001 756 218,进而可以研究其他相关热力学性质。     

Surfactant Concentration,Antioxidants, and Chelators Influencing Oxidative Stability of Water‐in‐Walnut Oil Emulsions

Effects of surfactant concentration, antioxidants with different polarities, and chelator type on the oxidative stability of water‐in‐stripped walnut oil (W/O) emulsions stabilized by polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) were evaluated. The formation of primary oxidation products (lipid hydroperoxides) and secondary oxidation products (hexanal) decreased with increasing PGPR concentrations (0.3–1.0 wt% of emulsions). Excess surfactant might solubilize lipid hydroperoxides out of the oil–water interface, resulting in the decreased lipid oxidation rates in W/O emulsions. At concentrations of 10–1000 μM, the polar Trolox demonstrated concentration‐dependent antioxidant activity according to both hydroperoxide and hexanal formation. The antioxidant efficiency of the non‐polar α‐tocopherol was slightly reduced at the higher range of 500–1000 μM based on hydroperoxide formation. Both ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and deferoxamine (DFO) at concentrations of 5–100 μM reduced the rates of lipid oxidation at varying degrees, indicating that endogenous transition metals may promote lipid oxidation in W/O emulsions. EDTA was a stronger inhibitor of lipid oxidation than DFO. These results suggest that the oxidative stability of W/O emulsions could be improved by the appropriate choice of surfactant concentration, antioxidants, and chelators.     

Optical,electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of conjugated polymers with dithiafulvalene as side chains

Three conjugated polymers, P1–P3, with dithiafulvalene (DTF) as side chains have been synthesized. All polymers have good thermal stabilities. The DTF unit could be oxidized to DTF?⁺ which was observed from cyclic voltammetry and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectra, and the oxidation process was independent of the conjugated backbone of the polymer. The strong π–π* transition absorbing band of the three polymers decreases gradually as increasing oxidation, and the resulting DTF?⁺ species give rise to an additional band at 750–1100 nm, which can be assigned to a distinguishing feature of the cation radical species. Photovoltaic device based on the blend of P2 and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC₆₁BM) showed the power conversion efficiency of 1.05% with a fill factor of 42.8%. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41508.     

TDICCD像元非均匀性对图像压缩的影响

为了验证星上遥感图像实时非均匀性校正的必要性,对TDICCD像元非均匀性对遥感图像压缩的影响进行了深入研究,并利用FPGA设计了一套实时非均匀性校正系统。首先分析TDICCD像元非均匀性产生原因,以及非均匀性对后续图像压缩影响的原理,并根据星上实际应用的条件,提出了一种保留增益的单点非均匀性校正算法,该方法即保留了2点校正算法适应性强的优点,又克服了星上2个标准源难以实现的缺点。最后进行实验验证,结果表明非均匀性优于1%,并将校正前后的图像分别进行了图像压缩,对压缩效果进行了比对,无损压缩时,像元非均匀性校正后,压缩比提高1.5倍左右;有损压缩时,PSNR提高4 d B以上,表明了星上实时图像压缩的必要性,以及本文系统和算法的可行性。     

2014年国际大电网会议学术动态系列报道信息系统和通信技术

简单介绍了2014年国际大电网委员会(CIGRE)信息系统和通信技术专委会(SC D2)的会议情况,重点描述了信息通信技术在分布式能源(DER)中的应用、新形势下生产运行管理系统的可靠性和电力系统通信网及业务管理发展3个优先课题所研究的技术内容及相关论文,并对信息系统与通信技术的发展趋势及应重点关注的技术问题进行了分析。     

Microstructure of isotactic polypropylene obtained using Ziegler–Natta catalyst at high polymerization temperature

The microstructure of the isotactic polypropylene obtained with various MgCl₂‐supported catalyst systems at high polymerization temperature of 70–100°C is investigated by discussing the intrinsic relation between the different types of active centers and the polymerization temperatures via gel permeation chromatography, temperature rising elution fractionation, and ¹³C NMR. For the MgCl₂/TiCl₄/di‐n‐butyl phathalate‐AlEt₃/external donor and MgCl₂/TiCl₄/2,2‐diisobutyl‐1,3‐dimethoxypropane‐AlEt₃ catalyst systems, the differences in the isotactic productivity of polymers obtained at different polymerization temperatures mainly result from the variation of both the activity of the different isospecific active centers and the stability constants of the complex of catalyst/donor. The reaction rate of high isotactic active centers reaches maximum at 85–90°C, and this effect contributes to both the highest isotacticity and the narrowest molecular weight distribution. For the MgCl₂/TiCl₄/phthalate ester‐AlEt₃ catalyst system, the isotacticity of polypropylene remains approximately constant in the temperature range of experiments, which could be ascribed to elution of phthalate ester after the activation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42487.