沈阳煤业集团公司数字化矿山信息管理系统的应用

介绍了沈阳煤业集团公司数字化矿山信息管理系统的建设和实际应用情况,并系统论述了地理信息系统在煤矿安全监测方面的应用和发展方向,以及视频监控、视频会议、短信报警和信息集成管理在工作中所发挥的巨大作用。     

Experimental investigation on thermal performance of thermosyphon flat-plate solar water heater with a mantle heat exchanger

The thermal performance of thermosyphon flat-plate solar water heater with a mantle heat exchanger was investigated to show its applicability in China. The effect on the performance of the collector of using a heat exchanger between the collector and the tank was analyzed. A “heat exchanger penalty factor” for the system was determined and energy balance equation in the system was presented. Outdoor tests of thermal performance of the thermosyphon flat-plate solar water heater with a mantle heat exchanger were taken in Kunming, China. Experimental results show that mean daily efficiency of the thermosyphon flat plate solar water heater with a mantle heat exchanger with 10 mm gap can reach up to 50%, which is lower than that of a thermosyphon flat-plate solar water heater without heat exchanger, but higher than that of a all-glass evacuated tubular solar water heater.     

食管支架术后支架贴壁不良综合征的初步探讨

目的探讨食管支架置入术后贴壁不良综合征（dys－seal syndrome ,DSS）的发生原因及相关处理。方法收集我科２００１年６月至２００８年６月行食管支架手术患者９８例,共置入９９枚金属支架。其中术后吻合口肿瘤复发狭窄１９例,术前有食管癌放疗病史２６例,伴食管－气管瘘３４例。结果术后７例患者出现DSS（发生率７．１％）。其中有放疗病史及梗阻上段食管明显扩张患者DSS发生率明显升高食管金属内支架是食管恶性和部分良性狭窄引起吞咽困难的有效治疗手段 ［１－２］ 。支架置入后常见的并发症包括胸痛、各种原因致支架再阻塞、支架移位、食管穿孔等 ［３－４］ ,也有相对较罕见并发症的报道,如消化道大出血、心肌梗死等 ［５－６］ 。我们在临床工作中发现部份患者食管支架置入术后支架位置良好,扩张满意,但患者诉吞咽疼痛并经常发生进食哽噎、嗳气,有明显的食物腐败味。而复查发现支架内对比剂尚可通过或仅有不畅,关键是可见支架上端与食管壁间不能完全贴壁而出现明显的空隙,有时可见食物残渣存留。可以得知食物残渣长期滞留、腐败引起炎症反应,继而使患者发生上述症状,严重时不得不将支架取出。我们将这一系列现象称之为“支架贴壁不良综合征”（dys－seal syndrome ,DSS）,现将我们治疗的９８例DSS总结报道如下。１材料与方法１．１材料收集我科２００１年６月至２００８年６月施行的食管支架恶性肿瘤患者９８例,其中男７６例,女２２例,年龄４６～８３岁,平均６２岁。９８例中原发病变为食管癌７５例、贲门癌２１例,纵隔淋巴结转移致食管外压性狭窄３例。支架置入术前有局部放疗病史２６例,伴发食管－气管瘘３４例。狭窄梗阻段位于食管上段２０例,中下段５９例,术后吻合口肿瘤复发１９例。共置入支架９９枚。置入支架类型包括南京微创覆膜食管支架（６７例）,Wallstent 裸支架（１２例）,Ultraflex裸支架（１０例）,韩国taewoong镍钛合金覆膜支架（１０例）。根据病变情况选择不同类型支架。一般情况下存在食管－气管瘘者必选用覆膜支架。其他情况下,梗阻上方食管明显扩张者选用喇叭口形支架,否则可选用直筒型支架。２００１－２００３年的病例选用裸支架为主,其后多用覆膜支架。１．２方法本组病例均在DSA机下操作完成。术前予咽部表面麻醉,患者仰卧,头偏向右侧,安放牙垫后在X线透视引导下以超滑导丝通过病灶狭窄阻塞段到达胃腔,沿导丝引入导管,注入对比剂证实后,更换（χ ２ ＝０．０１７,０．００５,P＝０．０３６,０．０１３）。经禁食,静脉输液或鼻饲等营养支持治疗后,１例患者逐渐恢复至进食半流质;１例于原支架上端再次置入较大直径支架,术后症状无缓解,后失访;２例改行鼻饲管置入;余３例内镜下取出支架。结论食管支架置入术后发生DDS为并发症之一,临床处理预后不良。取出已经置入的支架是较好的治疗措施。应在术前进行适当的评估以排除危险因素,选择合适的支架,加强围手术期管理等有助于DSS的预防。     

铸造多晶硅中铜沉淀的电子束诱生电流

利用电子束诱生电流(EBIC)研究了不同热处理条件下太阳电池用铸造多晶硅材料中的铜的沉淀特性，并与铜在普通直拉硅单晶中的沉淀行为进行了比较。EBIC观察发现，在铸造多晶硅中，热处理的冷却速率和结晶学缺陷(如晶界和位错)共同影响着铜在多晶硅中的扩散和沉淀性质。样品在快速冷却时，在晶界以及晶粒内形成了很高密度且分布较均匀的细小铜沉淀；而在慢速冷却时，则是形成密度较低，较大尺寸的铜沉淀。EBIC的衬度计算显示，慢速冷却下形成的铜沉淀具有更强的复合特性，且铜沉淀在晶界上的分布具有选择性。最后，讨论了铜沉淀在铸造多晶硅中的形成机理。     

氮化硅薄膜对晶体硅材料和电池的钝化效果研究

利用等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术,在P型直拉单晶硅硅片和铸造多晶硅片以及太阳电池的表面上 沉积了非晶氮化硅(a-SiNx:H)薄膜,并研究了氮化硅薄膜对材料少子寿命和太阳电池性能的影响。研究发现: 氮化硅薄膜显著地提高了晶体硅材料中少子寿命,同时多晶硅太阳电池的开路电压有少量提高,短路电流普遍 提高了1mA/cm2,电池效率提高了2％。实验结果表明:氮化硅薄膜不仅具有表面钝化作用,也有良好的体钝化 作用。     

单晶硅太阳电池的表面织构化

一种新型的腐蚀剂 ,磷酸钠 (Na3PO4 ·12H2 O)溶液 ,首次被用来腐蚀单晶硅太阳电池。在 70℃下 ,用 3%的磷酸钠 (Na3PO4 ·12H2 O)溶液腐蚀 2 5min就能在硅片表面形成金字塔大小均匀、覆盖率高的绒面结构 ,并且其表面反射率也很低。通过SEM观察发现 :开始时 ,随着腐蚀时间的增加 ,金字塔的密度越来越大 ,最后达到饱和 ;而且对于不同的浓度 ,温度 ,这种饱和时间不同 ;如果腐蚀时间过长 ,金字塔的顶部就会发生崩塌 ,从而导致表面发射率的升高。虽然异丙醇 (IPA)在氢氧化钠 (NaOH)溶液中会明显地改善织构化的效果 ,但是在磷酸钠 (Na3PO4 ·12H2 O)溶液中却会对织构化有很强的负面效应。最后 ,在实验的基础上对腐蚀机理进行了深入地探讨并认为 :择优腐蚀是金字塔形成的最基本的原因 ,而缺陷、PO3 -4 或HPO2 -4 和异丙醇等仅仅是促进大金字塔形成的原因。这种腐蚀剂的成本很低 ,不易污染工作环境且可重复性好 ,所以有可能用于大规模生产。     

Investigation of texturization for monocrystalline silicon solar cells with different kinds of alkaline

In this paper, monocrystalline silicon was textured with different kind of etchants for solar cells, respectively. It was found that, only with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or sodium acetate anhydrous (CH₃COONa) solution, the textural results were very weak, resulting in high reflectance of silicon surface. However, if using the mixture solution of NaOH and CH₃COONa, the reflectance was noticeably decreased. Moreover, the dependence of reflectance on the etching time showed that longer etching time was necessary for texturization in the NaOH+CH₃COONa+H₂O system. And it was also found that the addition of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) to this mixture solution had a detrimental effect on the texturization. All these results suggested that acetate (CH₃COO⁻) plays a similar role as IPA for alkaline texturization, but they cannot coexist. Finally, the mechanisms of texturization with different kinds of etchant were discussed in detail.     

经眼动脉灌注治疗兔成视网膜细胞瘤

【摘要】 目的 评估兔成视网膜细胞瘤（retinoblastoma,RB）模型的建立及经导管眼动脉灌注（selective ophthalmic arterial injection,SOAI）治疗兔RB的可行性。方法 HXO Rb44RB细胞予中心细胞室培养,取对数生长期HXO Rb44细胞,用PBS配成浓度为2.0 × 107个/ml的细胞悬液,抽取0.1 ml细胞悬液注射于6只SPF级新西兰兔右眼视网膜间隙下。接种肿瘤细胞前3 d和注射后1个月臀部注射环孢素A 15 mg?kg-1?d-1,1个月后减量至10 mg?kg-1?d-1并持续到实验结束。将RB兔分为对照组3只和实验组3只,对照组灌注0.9%氯化钠溶液15 ml,实验组将美法仑2.5 mg用0.9%氯化钠溶液稀释至15 ml后灌注。术后分别于7、14 d比较两组肿瘤生长情况。结果 注射环孢素A期间,实验兔不良反应轻微,6只均建模成功。7次插管中6次成功插至眼动脉。SOAI术后1周,实验组肿瘤可见明显缩小,2周后均消失。SOAI术后,实验组仅1只见右眼轻度红肿、流泪,1周后红肿自行消退。结论 SOAI治疗RB兔具有可行性,为进一步经眼动脉灌注治疗RB的基础研究提供了参考。

     

Pressure release characteristics of premixed hydrogen-air mixtures in an explosion venting device with a duct

The technology of explosion venting with a duct can effectively reduce the destructive effect generated from gas accidental explosion in the place of intensive industrial production, while it is not applicable to the production site designed for the technology without ducts. Since it is not clear how to quantitatively evaluate the regularity of energy release in explosion venting especially under high cracking pressure, it is still challenging on the safe application of the technology. This paper aimed to explore the basic characteristics of explosion pressure in a 20 L sphere vessel and venting duct during hydrogen explosion venting for safety design. The effects of the cracking pressure and duct length on explosion pressure at different positions were systematically analyzed according to the test of the hydrogen with different concentrations in an explosion venting device with a duct. Comparing the results of explosion pressure characteristics with experiments conducted in a device without a duct, and quantitatively analyzing the pressure release rule, manifested that the presence of the duct reduced the explosion venting efficiency to a certain extent. In the meantime, by comparing the standard NFPA 68 (P_cra ≤ 0.075 MPa, 0.1 m³ ≤ V ≤ 10,000 m³) for safety design of explosion venting devices, the extended implementation scheme with a venting duct was assessed, implying that the calculation results from NFPA 68 were relatively stable in over-scope (P_cra > 0.075 MPa, V < 0.1 m³) measurement. In future industrial productions, the design of high-pressure hydrogen venting is suggested, leaving sufficient safety margin when referring to the result.     

化学沉积法制备CdS薄膜及性质研究

利用化学沉积(CBD)的方法制备立方相的CdS薄膜。实验表明，在无搅拌、柠檬酸钠作为络合剂的条件下，在溶液的配方为0．02mol/L的CdCl2、0．02mol/L的柠檬酸钠、0．05mol/L的CS(NH2)2的体系中，当pH值为11．5，溶液温度为80℃时，在ITO玻璃上沉积得到CdS薄膜的前驱体，再把所得的前驱体在350℃，N2保护下热处理两个小时经x射线衍射(xRD)和扫描电镜分析，表面薄膜是结晶良好、立方相、表面均匀光滑的CdS薄膜。随着热处理温度的提高，CdS薄膜的晶化程度有很大的提高，晶粒有明显的长大，其光学性能也有很大的改善。