超细粉碎技术现状与应用

本文介绍了粉体工程中超细粉碎技术的现状与应用情况.     

融入思政元素的无机化学实验教学探索

无机化学实验基础化学实验重要的组成部分,但是传统的无机化学实验教学仍然存不足.本文将思政因素融入该课程,从课程设计、课程讲授和课程评价方面进行反思和分析,并提出相应的改进意见和建议.目的是为了提高本校无机化学实验的教学质量,并提高学生的实验操作技能、化学科学素养和创新创造能力,从而达到"立德树人"的教学目的.     

宽断面隧道窑综合热耗的计算机仿真

对原型先进窑炉结合实际测定和理论计算研究的基础上,应用热工理论和软件技术研究了宽断面隧道窑的综合热耗与窑炉结构、材质、燃料以及产品烧成曲线之间的关系,应用计算机模拟仿真,优化各项参数,可以简单而导致地在输入参数下得到相应条件下的烧成温度曲线和综合热耗的最佳值,并作了举例说明。     

Fabrication and Characterization of Electrospun Dopants/PS Composite Fibers with Porous and Hollow‐Porous Structures

Three different dopants are used to fabricate electrospun dopants/polystyrene (dopants/PS) composite fibers from PS solution and PS sol. The relative humidity and the influence of the dopants on the morphologies, diameter, porous structures, and dopant distribution of electrospun PS fibers are investigated. Compared to those obtained from PS solution, electrospun dopants/PS composite fibers from PS sol with hollow‐porous and multichannel hollow‐porous structures present significant advantages due to the multi‐stage degree of interfacial structure and diversity of the internal environment. In comparison to coaxial electrospun PS fibers, the electrospun dopants/PS composite fibers from PS sol obtained in one step have an improved yield and a simplified technological process simultaneously, leading to significant competitiveness in fields such as catalysis, fluidics gas storage, and sensing.

     

修饰的CuO/Fe2O3水煤气变换催化剂的性能测试与表征

ZrO₂是一种高熔点金属氧化物,同时具有弱酸性和弱碱性以及氧化性与还原性,具有p型半导体性质,易产生氧空穴,是理想的催化材料。通过添加不同质量分数的ZrO₂(0~5%) 作为助剂,采用分步沉淀法制备系列CuO/Fe₂O₃-ZrO₂催化剂,通过XRD、N₂物理吸附-脱附、H₂-TPR和CO₂-TPD等表征技术,考察ZrO₂助剂对CuO/Fe₂O₃水煤气变换催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明,适量ZrO₂（质量分数1%）的添加,削弱了CuFe₂O₄中铜铁物种之间的协同作用,增加了催化剂中可被还原的铜物种的数量,形成较多的弱碱性位点,有利于增加活性中心铜的数量,具有较好的水煤气变换反应活性和热稳定性。     

含硫纤维素衍生物的研究进展

简述了近年来在含硫纤维素衍生物方面的研究进展。将含硫纤维素衍生物分为巯基纤维素与费原酯棉、水溶性含硫纤维素衍生物和聚硫醚纤维素三大类，对含硫纤维素衍生物的合成、应用及其与金属离子作用机理作了论述。     

氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物的合成与开发

简要介绍了诺氟沙星、依诺沙星、培氟沙星等 10种氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物的工业合成方法。对国内的研究开发情况作了总结。     

High,in Contrast to Low Levels of Acute Stress Induce Depressive-like Behavior by Involving Astrocytic,in Addition to Microglial P2X7 Receptors in the Rodent Hippocampus

Extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) in the brain is suggested to be an etiological factor of major depressive disorder (MDD). It has been assumed that stress-released ATP stimulates P2X7 receptors (Rs) at the microglia, thereby causing neuroinflammation; however, other central nervous system (CNS) cell types such as astrocytes also possess P2X7Rs. In order to elucidate the possible involvement of the MDD-relevant hippocampal astrocytes in the development of a depressive-like state, we used various behavioral tests (tail suspension test [TST], forced swim test [FST], restraint stress, inescapable foot shock, unpredictable chronic mild stress [UCMS]), as well as fluorescence immunohistochemistry, and patch-clamp electrophysiology in wild-type (WT) and genetically manipulated rodents. The TST and FST resulted in learned helplessness manifested as a prolongation of the immobility time, while inescapable foot shock caused lower sucrose consumption as a sign of anhedonia. We confirmed the participation of P2X7Rs in the development of the depressive-like behaviors in all forms of acute (TST, FST, foot shock) and chronic stress (UCMS) in the rodent models used. Further, pharmacological agonists and antagonists acted in a different manner in rats and mice due to their diverse potencies at the respective receptor orthologs. In hippocampal slices of mice and rats, only foot shock increased the current responses to locally applied dibenzoyl-ATP (Bz-ATP) in CA1 astrocytes; in contrast, TST and restraint depressed these responses. Following stressful stimuli, immunohistochemistry demonstrated an increased co-localization of P2X7Rs with a microglial marker, but no change in co-localization with an astroglial marker. Pharmacological damage to the microglia and astroglia has proven the significance of the microglia for mediating all types of depression-like behavioral reactions, while the astroglia participated only in reactions induced by strong stressors, such as foot shock. Because, in addition to acute stressors, their chronic counterparts induce a depressive-like state in rodents via P2X7R activation, we suggest that our data may have relevance for the etiology of MDD in humans.     

Genome-Wide Comparative Analysis of the R2R3-MYB Gene Family in Five Solanaceae Species and Identification of Members Regulating Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Wolfberry

The R2R3-MYB is a large gene family involved in various plant functions, including carotenoid biosynthesis. However, this gene family lacks a comprehensive analysis in wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.) and other Solanaceae species. The recent sequencing of the wolfberry genome provides an opportunity for investigating the organization and evolutionary characteristics of R2R3-MYB genes in wolfberry and other Solanaceae species. A total of 610 R2R3-MYB genes were identified in five Solanaceae species, including 137 in wolfberry. The LbaR2R3-MYB genes were grouped into 31 subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis, conserved gene structures, and motif composition. Five groups only of Solanaceae R2R3-MYB genes were functionally divergent during evolution. Dispersed and whole duplication events are critical for expanding the R2R3-MYB gene family. There were 287 orthologous gene pairs between wolfberry and the other four selected Solanaceae species. RNA-seq analysis identified the expression level of LbaR2R3-MYB differential gene expression (DEGs) and carotenoid biosynthesis genes (CBGs) in fruit development stages. The highly expressed LbaR2R3-MYB genes are co-expressed with CBGs during fruit development. A quantitative Real-Time (qRT)-PCR verified seven selected candidate genes. Thus, Lba11g0183 and Lba02g01219 are candidate genes regulating carotenoid biosynthesis in wolfberry. This study elucidates the evolution and function of R2R3-MYB genes in wolfberry and the four Solanaceae species.     

EVA对PP/EVA共混物力学性能的影响

将不同配比的聚丙烯(PP)和乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)进行共混,测试了共混物的拉伸强度和冲击强度;用差示扫描量热法研究了共混物的结晶性能;用扫描电镜(SEM)二次电子成像系统分析了试样的断口形貌,研究了EVA含量对共混物力学性能的影响。结果表明:EVA的加入提高了EVA/PP共混体系的韧性,同时降低了PP的结晶度。