基于OpenCV的红外弱小运动目标检测与跟踪

针对信噪比低、背景和噪声干扰严重的红外图像,根据图像序列中运动目标的帧间相关特性以及噪声的不相关理论,基于OpenCV（Open Soure Computer Vision Library）计算机视觉库,提出了一种弱小目标的检测算法,并对检测到的目标进行了跟踪。采用能量累积的方法得到背景,然后从原始图像中去除背景,提高信噪比;利用目标的帧间相关特性以及运动信息去除噪声;最后通过Kalman滤波算法来对检测到的目标进行跟踪。实验结果表明:该检测算法能有效地从序列图像中提取出弱小运动目标,跟踪算法也能实时地进行跟踪并在目标被遮挡时准确地预测出目标位置。     

Solution‐Processible 2,2′‐Dimethyl‐biphenyl Cored Carbazole Dendrimers as Universal Hosts for Efficient Blue,Green, and Red Phosphorescent OLEDs

A series of solution‐processible 2,2′‐dimethyl‐biphenyl cored dendrimers, namely G1MP, G2MP, and G3MP, is designed and synthesized by tuning the generation of periphery carbazole dendron. The resulting dendrimers all show excellent solubility in common organic solvents, and their high‐quality thin films can be formed via spin‐coating with a root‐mean‐square roughness in the range of 0.38–0.54 nm. G3MP, which contains the third‐generation carbazole dendron, has the greatest potential among those made here as an ideal universal host for multicolored triplet emitters. G3MP exhibits good thermal stability, with a glass transition temperature of 368 °C, a triplet energy as high as 2.85 eV enough to prevent the loss of triplet excitons, and suitable HOMO/LUMO levels of –5.30/–2.11 eV to facilitate both hole and electron injection and transport. When using G3MP as the host, highly efficient deep‐blue, blue, green, and red phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) are successfully demonstrated, revealing a maximum luminous efficiency up to 18.2, 28.2, 54.0, and 12.7 cd A^–1 with the corresponding Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.15, 0.23), (0.15, 0.35), (0.38, 0.59), and (0.64, 0.34), respectively. The state‐of‐art performance indicates that dendritic hosts have a favorable prospect of applications in solution‐processed white PhOLEDs and full‐color displays.     

A Type of 1 nm Molybdenum Carbide Confined within Carbon Nanomesh as Highly Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst

Highly efficient platinum‐alternative bifunctional catalysts by using abundant non‐noble metal species are of critical importance to the future sustainable energy reserves. Unfortunately, current electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are far from satisfactory because of lacking reasonable design and assembly protocols. A type of 1‐nm molybdenum carbide nanoparticles confined in mesh‐like nitrogen‐doped carbon (Mo₂C@NC nanomesh) with high specific surface area is reported here. In addition to the superior ORR performance comparable to platinum, the catalyst offers a high HER activity with small Tafel slope of 33.7 mV dec^?1 and low overpotential of 36 mV to reach ?10 mA cm^?2. Theoretical calculations indicate that the active sites of the catalyst are mainly located at Mo atoms adjacent to the N‐doped carbon layer, which contributes the high HER activity. These findings show the great potential of Mo₂C species in wide electrocatalysis applications.     

色噪声环境下GTD模型的参数估计

本文将能够精确描述高频电磁散射的GTD信号模型引入MUSIC算法,并对MUSIC算法做了相应改进。提出利用特征分析方法中信号与噪声子空间正交特性,使改进后的MUSIC算法既能够精确估计目标散射中心位置,又能估计散射中心类型。本文采用基于四阶累量的MUSIC算法,在一定程度上克服了高斯色噪声对MUSIC算法的影响,拓宽了GTD 模型参数求解的条件。     

枪弹冲击下头-颈动力学响应及颈部被动肌影响

针对战场环境下弹体、破片的威胁,研究枪弹冲击下头-颈动力学响应及颈部被动肌影响。利用已建立并通过验证的头盔-头-颈有限元模型,开展9 mm手枪弹冲击数值模拟,获得有/无被动肌作用下人体头-颈动力学响应。研究结果表明：正面冲击时,首先头部额骨处产生应力集中,随后颈部后伸,颈部应力主要集中于下颈椎椎体,椎间盘前侧产生拉伸失效;在被动肌作用下,头部质心最大位移减少31.38%,颈椎椎骨与椎间盘连接处应力以及椎间盘最大应力均降低,椎间盘最大应力减少28.76%;颈部被动肌起到重要的保护作用,可缓解头-颈后伸,减轻颈椎的损伤,在颈部损伤评估中应考虑被动肌的影响。该研究结果可为颈部损伤评估和颈部防护装备的设计提供参考。     

宽带快速线性扫频激光光源的研制

报道了一种基于光栅多面镜调谐滤波器的宽带快速线性扫频激光光源。调谐滤波器由光栅和旋转多面镜组成,采用了非望远镜型利特罗布局,以简化滤波光学系统。在激光谐振腔中采用了自发辐射光谱范围互为拓展的双半导体光放大器,并将二者并联使用以确保宽光谱范围。研制的扫频激光光源的中心波长为1312 nm,扫频光谱范围为170 nm,半峰全宽为116 nm,对应于多面镜695 r/s的转速,扫频速度达到50 kHz,相应的激光输出平均功率为2 mW。该宽带快速线性扫频激光光源,尤其适用于高分辨扫频光学相干层析成像系统,轴向分辨率能达到6.5μm。     

Supramolecular Order of Solution‐Processed Perylenediimide Thin Films: High‐Performance Small‐Channel n‐Type Organic Transistors

N,N′‐1H,1H‐perfluorobutyl dicyanoperylenecarboxydiimide (PDIF‐CN₂), a soluble and air stable n‐type molecule, undergoes significant reorganization upon thermal annealing after solution deposition on several substrates with different surface energies. Interestingly, this system exhibits an exceptional edge‐on orientation regardless of the substrate chemistry. This preferential orientation is rationalized in terms of strong intermolecular interactions between the PDIF‐CN₂ molecules. The presence of a pronounced π–π stacking is confirmed by combining near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS), dynamic scanning force microscopy (SFM) and surface energy measurements. The remarkable charge carrier mobility measured in field‐effect transistors, using both bottom‐ and top‐contact (bottom‐gate) configurations, underlines the importance of strong intermolecular interactions for the realization of high performing devices.     

直接相位调制产生线性啁啾脉冲特性研究

直接相位调制可产生带宽可调的线性啁啾脉冲,可作为种子源用于啁啾脉冲放大系统中。对线性啁啾脉冲的产生过程以及啁啾脉冲在光纤中的传输放大过程进行了数值模拟与实验研究,实验获得了底宽为500 ps,带宽为0.69 nm的线性啁啾脉冲。在此基础上提出一种全新的产生冲击点火种子脉冲的方式,即对光脉冲的局部进行调制与压缩以获得高对比度的种子脉冲,并对其进行了实验验证。实验中将一方波脉冲经调制压缩为对比度为2∶1的阶梯脉冲,验证了该方法产生冲击点火种子脉冲的可行性。该方案为未来多种脉冲类型输出的惯性约束聚变(ICF)驱动器光纤前端系统的研制打下了研究基础。     

基于衍射且适用于粒径分布反演的半经验公式

基于Fraunhofer Diffraction提出了一种更为确当的适用于粒子尺寸分布反演的半经验公式,在前向小角范围内与精确的Mie解相吻合,其精确度比Fymat Aland Mease KD的近似在不同的范围有了不同程度的提高,特别在粒径很小时有了很大的提高。给出了在此半经验公式下实现粒子尺寸分布反演的两种方法。     

嵌入式Linux混合文件系统的设计与分析

嵌入式Linux系统必须达到性能和空间的优化.文章对嵌入式Linux进行了耗时分析,根据系统对根文件目录操作中耗时问题设计了嵌入式Linux混合文件系统,并与常见单一文件系统在启动速度和程序运行速度上对其进行了仿真测试.数据证明混合型文件系统不仅占用空间较小,并且能提高系统的性能.