碱对水泥基材料水化及水化产物的影响研究综述

综述了碱以不同碱金属离子存在形式和结合不同阴离子存在形式对水泥基材料水化特性的影响,并基于水泥基材料水化产物微结构及组成,分析对比了碱与水泥基材料水化产物的相互作用。结果表明:根据碱存在形式的不同,碱对水泥基材料水化特性的影响表现出较大差异,而碱在改变水泥水化产物结构和组成的同时,水化产物也有选择性地对碱进行吸收固化,进而使水泥基材料表现出不同宏观性能。分析结果同时说明将水泥基材料中的碱含量以当量碱含量考虑存在一定不足,为精细化控制水泥基材料的性能,碱存在形式的影响不可忽略。     

Synthesis Mechanism and Material Characterization of C<Subscript>4</Subscript>AF Obtained by the Self-propagating Combustion Reaction Method

To investigate the influence of preparation process on the properties of synthesized C₄AF, the powder was prepared via the self-propagating combustion reaction (SPCR) method using urea as fuel and metal nitrates as cation precursors. Synthesis mechanism of the SPCR method, calculation and adjusting principles of urea dosage were detailedly introduced. Material characterization of synthesized C₄AF was performed with the aid of X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, ²⁷Al nuclear magnetic resonance and isothermal microcalorimetric technique. Remaining content of transition phase of calcium carbonate in synthesized C₄AF was determined by quantitative analysis of X-ray diffractometry. It was found that there was no difference in the hydration behavior of C₄AF synthesized by the SPCR method and the traditional solid-state reaction (SSR) method. C3AH6 and amorphous iron (III) hydroxide (Fe(OH)₃) would be formed during the hydration of C4AF while CH not. Crystallite size of synthesized C₄AF was 16.1 Å and the apparent activation energy was 36.2 kJ/mol. Coordinated condition of Al in C₄AF can be detected by ²⁷Al NMR technique, but the peaks were broadened and the intensities were relatively low, supporting the use of ²⁷Al NMR for the quantitative analysis of C₃A in Portland cements.     

Synthesis Mechanism and Material Characterization of C_4AF Obtained by the Self-propagating Combustion Reaction Method

To investigate the influence of preparation process on the properties of synthesized C_4AF,the powder was prepared via the self-propagating combustion reaction(SPCR)method using urea as fuel and metal nitrates as cation precursors.Synthesis mechanism of the SPCR method,calculation and adjusting principles of urea dosage were detailedly introduced.Material characterization of synthesized C_4AF was performed with the aid of X-ray diffractometry,Fourier transform infrared spectrometry,scanning electron microscopy,energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy,~(27)Al nuclear magnetic resonance and isothermal microcalorimetric technique.Remaining content of transition phase of calcium carbonate in synthesized C_4AF was determined by quantitative analysis of X-ray diffractometry.It was found that there was no difference in the hydration behavior of C_4AF synthesized by the SPCR method and the traditional solid-state reaction(SSR)method.C_3AH_6 and amorphous iron(III)hydroxide(Fe(OH)_3)would be formed during the hydration of C_4AF while CH not.Crystallite size of synthesized C_4AF was 16.1?and the apparent activation energy was 36.2 kJ/mol.Coordinated condition of Al in C_4AF can be detected by ~(27)Al NMR technique,but the peaks were broadened and the intensities were relatively low,supporting the use of ~(27)Al NMR for the quantitative analysis of C_3A in Portland cements.     

硅粉增强混凝土抗冲磨性能的微观机理

采用Fourier红外光谱(FTIR)和29Si固体核磁共振谱(29SiNMR)结合去卷积技术研究了硅粉增强混凝土抗冲磨性能的微观机理。结果表明硅粉具有较高的水化活性,硅粉掺量为10%的水泥体系水化3d时,大约有41%的硅粉参与反应,水化120d时大约有96%的硅粉参与反应。此外,硅粉的火山灰反应改变了C-S-H结构中Qn的分布和C-S-H的聚合度,在这个过程中,硅粉结构中的Si-O-Si共价键在碱性环境中断裂后形成的水化硅酸根单体与C-S-H二聚体以及Ca2+、OH-结合,形成高聚C-S-H。在分子尺度(几个纳米),硅粉优化了C-S-H结构,使得C-S-H结构有序性增强,在微米尺度,硅粉的火山灰反应使得C-S-H堆积结构更加密实,胶凝性更强,从而改善了混凝土中浆体的性质。这样就从C-S-H层面解释了硅粉改善混凝土强度以及抗冲磨性能的机理。     

Characterization of Pozzolanic Reaction and Its Effect on the C-S-H Gel in Fly Ash-cement Paste

High resolution solid-state 29Si MAS NMR,combined with XRD,SEM and FTIR were used to characterize the pozzolanic activity of FA,type of main pozzolanic reaction products,and the effect of pozzolanic reaction on the C-S-H microstructure in fly ash-cement (FC) paste.The experimental results indicate that in the hydrated FC paste with 30% dosage of FA at 3 d,FA partially participated in the pozzolanic reaction,while,at 120 d,FA largely reacts.During the hydration of FC paste at laboratory temperature,the pozzolanic reaction products are C-S-H gel rather than zeolitic gel.Moreover,after the covalent bonds of Si-O-Si,Si-O-Al and Al-O-Al in the structure of FA are broken,monosilicates Si-OH and Al-OH groups form,these chemical species can connect C-S-H dimers,thus producing more Al-free C-S-H and aluminous C-S-H than in the plain cement paste.The increased content of Al for Si substitution in the bridging tetrahedra of C-S-H may decrease the stability of C-S-H,which results in a rather obvious loss in the mechanical strength of hardened FC paste.     

大体积混凝土中微膨胀剂的抗裂作用

研究了以粉煤灰、氟石膏摊平剂FSL的适宜组分组成的微膨胀剂和石膏系膨胀剂CAS替代部分水泥使混凝土产生延时膨胀的作用 ,通过控制微膨胀剂对混凝土的延时膨胀 ,使其与混凝土的温度变形相匹配 ;探讨了以混凝土 90d膨胀率与 3d膨胀率之差 (ε90 -ε3)作为混凝土膨胀特性评价指标的可行性 ;当ε90 -ε3为“ +”值时 ,微膨胀剂在大体积混凝土中可以发挥抗裂作用 .     

粉煤灰-水泥水化的核磁共振定量分析

利用高分辨固体核磁共振仪结合去卷积技术,定量分析了粉煤灰水泥浆体中水泥和粉煤灰的水化程度以及C-S-H凝胶中硅氧-铝氧链平均长度,同时研究了粉煤灰火山灰反应对C-S-H结构的影响。结果表明:水化3 d时,系统中约47%的水泥和14%的粉煤灰参与了水化反应,C-S-H平均链长为3.2;水化120d时,水泥和粉煤灰的水化程度分别为89%和33%,C-S-H平均链长约为3.8,远大于纯水泥浆体中C-S-H的平均链长(为2.7)。水化3 d时粉煤灰玻璃相结构中的Si—O—Si,Si—O—和Al—Al共价键断裂,形成了单体硅酸根和单体铝酸根,这些单体结构桥连体系中的二聚体单元进而提高了C-S-H平均链长。粉煤灰掺入并不会因为C-S-H聚合度提高以及ACL增加就能促进粉煤灰水泥浆体强度。     

基于虚拟结构的自适应翼肋分布式协调控制

针对具有非线性关联大系统特性的自适应翼肋,提出了一种分布式协调控制方法;以自适应翼肋的模糊关联模型为基础,定义了自适应翼肋的每个驱动单元的虚拟结构,设计了虚拟结构的协调控制器,协调控制器之间交换耦合信息并且包含了驱动单元跟踪情况反馈;基于仿射型模糊控制理论,设计了驱动单元的跟踪控制器;将虚拟结构和驱动单元的动力学模型联合构成增广系统,严格证明了系统的稳定性并推导获得控制器设计条件;对自适应翼肋跟踪期望翼型的情况和变形过渡过程的翼肋形状进行了仿真,结果表明自适应翼肋能够达到期望翼型,并且变形过渡过程翼肋形状平滑。     

新型CFRP-UHPC组合管混凝土圆柱轴压性能

为研究超高性能混凝土(UHPC)管替代碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)-钢管混凝土组合柱中钢管的可行性,提出一种外部缠绕CFRP的UHPC预制管、内部现浇填充普通混凝土的新型CFRP-UHPC组合管混凝土(Concrete-filled CFRP-UHPC tube,CFFUT)柱。对10个CFFUT圆柱(包含2个对比柱)进行了单调轴压试验,研究了UHPC管壁厚度、CFRP环向包裹层数和核心混凝土强度等的影响规律。结果表明：CFRP-UHPC管可以有效提高组合柱的承载力、变形能力和延性;CFFUT圆柱破坏形态为核心混凝土压溃、UHPC管开裂和CFRP拉断,破坏后整体性较好,属延性破坏模式;CFFUT圆柱的极限承载力与UHPC管壁厚度、CFRP层数和核心混凝土强度呈正相关;延性系数随UHPC管壁厚度、CFRP层数增加而提高,随核心混凝土强度增加先提高后降低。揭示了CFFUT柱的界面增强作用机制,CFFUT柱极限承载力与同等截面普通混凝土柱相比提高93.9%～203.5%,且CFFUT柱极限承载力一定程度上与CFRP-钢管混凝土柱相当。建立了CFFUT圆柱轴压极限承载力理论计算模型,并通过有限...     

内养护对混凝土收缩开裂性能的影响

通过对使用高吸水材料的混凝土试件的早期自收缩、长期干燥收缩及椭圆环约束开裂试验,探讨混凝土内养护措施对改善混凝土收缩开裂性能的影响.同时考察了内养护对混凝土强度及抗冻性能的影响.试验结果表明,在有矿物外加剂的情况下,该内养护剂可有效地改善混凝土的自收缩和干燥收缩,混凝土的抗开裂性能得到提高,同时一定程度上改善了混凝土强度及抗冻性能.