镀锌板激光填丝钎焊

镀锌板以其优良的抗腐蚀性能而大量应用于汽车工业中 ,由于锌的熔点和气化温度较低 ,在焊接加热过程中极易挥发 ,从而导致气孔、裂纹等焊接缺陷 ,给镀锌板的焊接带来很大问题。激光填丝钎焊的低热输入与小加热区域的特点可有效解决镀锌板焊接的上述问题。本文研究了激光功率、光斑直径、加热时间等对钎料在镀锌板表面铺展行为的影响 ,并在此基础上对卷对接接头、对接接头、搭接接头的激光填丝钎焊工艺特点进行了试验研究 ,分析了镀锌板激光填丝钎焊的主要缺陷及其关键影响因素。     

铝合金激光-钨极氩弧双面焊的焊接特性

以4 mm和10 mm厚5A06铝合金为实验材料,对激光-钨极氩弧(TIG)双面焊(LTDSW)的焊接特性进行了研究.该工艺充分利用了激光和钨极氩弧两种热源相互作用的优势,不仅可以获得稳定可靠的焊接过程与美观的焊缝成形,还具有显著增加接头熔深、减少焊接缺陷、提高焊接生产率和降低焊接成本等优势,实现了在小功率(1.0 kW)激光条件下4 mm厚铝合金板的可靠连接.与激光焊相比,激光-钨极氩弧双面焊的气孔数量有所下降,气孔分布位置主要受激光和电弧能量匹配关系的影响,气孔数量和大小主要取决于焊接热输入的大小.激光-钨极氩弧双面焊的接头抗拉强度为310 MPa,约为母材强度的88%.     

激光与电弧相互作用时的电弧形态及焊缝特征

激光与电弧的复合热源在焊接过程中，由于激光的压缩与引导作用，可以在焊接速度增加时，电弧仍然较稳定。在去掉激光同轴保护气流而只采用TIG的保护气体进行保护时，由于激光同轴气体的冲击、压缩和冷却作用的消失，等离子气体将会随着电流、激光功率的增加而增大，因而引起焊缝横截面的变化。通过调整激光与电弧的规范参数，并用CCD摄取各参数下的电弧图像以分析等离子体的长大情况，然后将得到的焊缝沿横截面剖开。通过对各种参数下等离子体图像和焊缝横截面之间的相互的关系进行分析，得到与常规情况下相比熔宽较宽而熔深较浅的焊缝的焊接参数。这种产生涂敷型焊缝的参数可用于高速表层涂覆。     

热源顺序对HG785D高强钢激光-电弧复合焊耦合机理与接头性能的影响

采用激光-电弧复合焊的方法焊接了HG785D高强钢,研究了不同热源顺序下激光功率和送丝速度对焊接过程的影响。观察了复合焊过程中等离子体的动态变化,并获取了不同热源顺序下等离子体的电子温度和电子密度,揭示了焊接过程热源耦合机理。结果表明,随着激光功率的增大,焊缝熔深先减小后增大;随着送丝速度的增大,焊缝熔深逐渐减小。相较于电弧先导,激光先导等离子体的体积较大且电子温度较高,焊缝熔深较大,同时接头的抗拉强度较大,但塑性较弱,且接头各区域的显微硬度较大。     

Temperature field simulation of laser-TIG hybrid welding

The three-dimensional transient temperature distribution of laser-TlG hybrid welding was analyzed and simulated numerically. Calculations were based on a finite element model, in which the physical process of hybrid welding was studied and the coupling effect of the laser and arc in the hybrid process was fully considered. The temperature fields and weld crosssections of the typical welding parameters are obtained using present model. The calculation results shou that the model can indicate the relationship of energy match between laser and arc to joints cross-sections objectively, and the simulation results are well agreed with the experimental results.     

镀锌板激光钎焊温度场的数值模拟

以镀锌钢板为母材,以CuSi3焊丝为钎料,进行了单、双光束激光钎焊实验．在分析单、双光束激光填丝钎焊传热行为的基础上,采用有限元方法对激光钎焊温度场进行了数值模拟,提出了激光填丝钎焊热源模型．采用体热源来模拟熔化钎料铺展流动引起的传热,模型考虑了热物性参数随温度的变化带来的非线性影响以及潜热、辐射和对流对传热的影响．对典型激光钎焊工艺参数下的温度场进行计算,结果表明：单光束激光钎焊有较高的温度梯度,而2mm焦点间距的双光束钎焊接头峰值温度和温度梯度低,高温区域宽,更适合于获得良好的钎焊接头．     

铝合金激光-MIG复合焊熔滴对匙孔作用的模拟

将复合焊接过程中的反冲压力、表面张力等驱动力及熔滴过渡行为考虑在内,建立5A06铝合金激光-MIG复合焊接数值模拟热流耦合模型,由于熔池内的流动及匙孔稳定性对焊接性能有重要影响,因此针对熔滴与匙孔及熔池稳定性的影响进行了系统讨论,并且通过采用不同的熔滴落入位置进行计算.结果表明,当熔滴落入位置距激光中心较近时,熔滴对匙孔的冲击作用较大,匙孔壁的平均流速和波动频率有所增加,匙孔更易由于周期性的熔滴过渡而产生液桥发生闭合,熔滴落入位置还会影响匙孔深宽比,进而影响激光能量的菲涅尔吸收.     

Welding characteristics in different laser-TIG hybrid manners

An experiment for determining the laser-TIG hybrid welding characteristics was carried oat in three kinds of hybrid methods: CO2 laser-TIG coaxial hybrid, CO2 laser-TIG paraxial hybrid and Nd: YAG laser-TIG paraxial hybrid. The experimental results indicate that hybrid welding has two welding mechanisms in CO2 laser-TIG hybrid welding: deep penetration welding and heat conduction welding. As the effect of the laser-induced keyhole, the arc root is condensed, the current density and penetration depth increase significantly, the welding characteristic is apt to deep penetration welding.When current increases to some degree, the keyhole induced by laser disappears, which produces a shallow penetration and wide bead. The weld exhibits heat conduction welding characteristics. Furthermore, the arc images and weld bead crosssections of three kinds of hybrid manners were also compared and analyzed at different welding currents, which established the foundation for understanding the welding characteristics of laser-TIG hybrid welding comprehensively.     

铝合金激光-电弧双面焊接激光稳定、压缩电弧的机制分析

为了阐释铝合金激光-电弧双面焊激光稳定、压缩电弧的物理机理,采用对比试验的研究方法和红外测温、电弧光谱分析的技术手段,分析激光对电弧作用的物理本质.结果表明,在激光匙孔未穿透条件下,激光形成的大梯度温度场为电弧提供阳极斑点是铝合金激光-电弧双面焊电弧稳定、收缩的根本原因,高能量密度的激光热源和高热导率的材料二者不可或缺;而在激光匙孔穿透条件下,光谱分析显示常规钨极惰性气体保护(Tungsten inert gas arc,TIG)焊电弧的Ar谱线强度最高,不锈钢激光-电弧双面焊电弧次之,而铝合金激光-电弧双面焊电弧Ar谱线最弱,这表明铝合金较高的饱和蒸汽压使得激光在匙孔底部产生较多的激光等离子体,为电弧提供了更加容易的导电通道,因而电弧弧根作用于此.     

Influence of laser energy input mode on joint interface characteristics in laser brazing with Cu-base filler metal

The flange butt joints of 1 mm-thick galvanized steel sheets were brazed with CuSi3 as filler metal at different laser heating modes. The microstructures and element distributions of joint interface were investigated by SEM and EDS. The results show that there is no obvious interface layer with the circular individual beam heating and lamellar Fe-Si intermetallic compound layer is found with dual-beam laser spot heating. With the irradiation of rectangular laser spot, the joint interface layer is also formed. The layer thickness is larger than that of dual-beam brazing and the layer shape is flat so that intermetallic compounds trend to grow into cellular crystals. Moreover, the interface layer shape also depends on its position in the joint. Under the high heat input, dendritic or granular intermetallic compounds dispersively distribute in brazing seam adjacent to the interface, which is caused by the melting or dissolving of the base metal. According to the results, the brazing quality can be controlled by laser heating mode and processing parameters.