A simplified molp algorithm: The MOLP-S procedure

A number of MOLP-algorithms have been developed to establish the set of non-dominated solutions, using a number of different approaches and theorems that may be non-trivial to the non-expert user. This article presents a simplified MOLP-algorithm (MOLP-S), based on a straightforward extension of the simplex-method of linear programming, to trace out the set of non-dominated solutions. The proposed methodology exhibits computational characteristics that may render the method more efficient as compared to other algorithms currently in use. The proposed method is tested on a number of problems from the literature which exhibit varying degrees of complexity.     

Evaluating Self-Generated Information: Anterior Prefrontal Contributions to Human Cognition.

The anterior or rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (RLPFC) is frequently recruited during complex cognitive tasks across a wide range of domains, including reasoning, long-term memory retrieval, and working memory. The authors report an event-related functional MRI study, indicating that the RLPFC is specifically involved in the evaluation of internally generated information--or information that cannot be readily perceived from the external environment but has to be inferred or self-generated. The findings are consistent with a hierarchical model of lateral prefrontal organization, with RLPFC contributing only at the highest orders of cognitive transformations. This characterization of RLPFC function may help explain seemingly disparate findings across multiple cognitive domains and could provide a unified account of this region's contribution to human cognition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Refutational theorem proving for hierarchic first-order theories

We extend previous results on theorem proving for first-order clauses with equality to hierarchic first-order theories. Semantically such theories are confined to conservative extensions of the base models. It is shown that superposition together with variable abstraction and constraint refutation is refutationally complete for theories that are sufficiently complete with respect to simple instances. For the proof we introduce a concept of approximation between theorem proving systems, which makes it possible to reduce the problem to the known case of (flat) first-order theories. These results allow the modular combination of a superposition-based theorem prover with an arbitrary refutational prover for the primitive base theory, whose axiomatic representation in some logic may remain hidden. Furthermore they can be used to eliminate existentially quantified predicate symbols from certain second-order formulae.     

Cognitive efficiency modes in old age: Performance on sequential and coordinative verbal and visuospatial tasks.

In an experiment using a large set of verbal and spatial tasks requiring low or high degrees of executive control, 3 distinct age-related effects were found. The smallest effect (no slowing was tied to lexical tasks with low executive involvement, the largest deficit (age-related slowing factor of 2.2) was tied to visuospatial tasks with high executive involvement, an intermediate level of deficit (slowing factor of 1.7) was found for visuospatial tasks with low executive load and verbal tasks with high executive load. These age-related dissociations were incompatible with any "common cause" formulation. The mechanism responsible for the dissociation between verbal and visual tasks, and between low and high executive load remains to be determined. The latter may reflect capacity limits. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Application in detergency of a low-grade zeolite-a derived from lipari pumice

Zeolite-A, containing < 100 parts/10⁶ Fe, obtained from a widespread, low-cost, raw material (Lipari pumice) is proposed as a detergent-builder in place of polyphos-phates. The derived synthetic detergency grade zeolites show a sufficiently high Ca-ion exchange capacity; Mg-capture is more difficult. The zeolites investigated decompose perborate equally well or less than commercially available detergent zeolite-A samples prepared synthetically from pure Na silicate and aluminate.