The implementation of technical practices and human factors of the toyota production system in different industries

The Toyota Production System (TPS) can result in huge benefits for companies and has been widely implemented around the world. Nevertheless, most adopters emphasize only the technical practices of the TPS, but neglect the critical role of human factors in the implementation of the TPS. Therefore, this study aims at developing an integrated TPS model that fully integrates the technical elements and human elements of the TPS with Total Quality Management (TQM) practices. An empirical study was conducted to confirm the causal relationships among these constructs. In the empirical study, questionnaires were mailed and e‐mailed to 620 companies that had implemented the TPS, and 151 of the completed questionnaires were valid. These 151 respondents were divided into eight categories. The results revealed that the implementation level of each construct was significantly different in each industry. The automobile and motorcycle industries have put a great deal of effort into the application of Humanity, Human Resource Management (HRM), and TQM practices and obtained good results. Other industries, however, ignored the implementation of HRM practices. The results also revealed that the early adopters enjoyed significant benefits from the implementation of the TPS, which led high‐tech companies to start adopting TPS practices and become lean enterprises. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A simple and cost-effective method for fabrication of integrated electronic-microfluidic devices using a laser-patterned PDMS layer

We report a simple and cost-effective method for fabricating integrated electronic-microfluidic devices with multilayer configurations. A CO₂ laser plotter was employed to directly write patterns on a transferred polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer, which served as both a bonding and a working layer. The integration of electronics in microfluidic devices was achieved by an alignment bonding of top and bottom electrode-patterned substrates fabricated with conventional lithography, sputtering and lift-off techniques. Processes of the developed fabrication method were illustrated. Major issues associated with this method as PDMS surface treatment and characterization, thickness-control of the transferred PDMS layer, and laser parameters optimization were discussed, along with the examination and testing of bonding with two representative materials (glass and silicon). The capability of this method was further demonstrated by fabricating a microfluidic chip with sputter-coated electrodes on the top and bottom substrates. The device functioning as a microparticle focusing and trapping chip was experimentally verified. It is confirmed that the proposed method has many advantages, including simple and fast fabrication process, low cost, easy integration of electronics, strong bonding strength, chemical and biological compatibility, etc.     

IETM技术在便携式工卡系统中的应用研究

从飞机制造的角度出发,以IETM技术为基础,以带Windows 7操作系统的便携式终端为硬件平台,研究开发应用于某机机载机电设备装配指导的交互式电子工卡系统。文中主要介绍了系统设计的背景知识、开发架构和软硬件实现方法,结合XML和SQL数据库技术创作符合GJB6600标准的应用系统。该系统的成功研制和投入使用可将电子信息技术的最新研究成果用于生产实践,既可有效地减轻生产一线工作人员的劳动强度,又能极大地提高飞机数字化制造效率。     

Preparation and properties of close-packed composite materials

Monodisperse silica particles of about 0.3m diameter are suspended in methacrylate monomer using a carefully selected dispersant. Many steric dispersants are hydrocarbon chains with a reactive end-group. These are not effective as dispersants for silica in moderately polar solvents, such as esters and the methacrylate monomers. Good dispersion was obtained with a methacrylate polymer terminated by a chlorosilane end group. Settling or centrifugation of these unagglomerated dispersions gives well-packed particle beds. Polymerization of the surrounding monomer produces composite materials with high packing fractions and a high degree of regularity. Moduli and strengths of these composites are reported.     

物联网智能家居系统的研究与设计

智能家居有广阔的应用前景.针对传统家居控制上的缺陷,采用B/S架构设计了智能家居管理系统,采用ZigBee无线网络实现对各类家居设备的信息采集和指令控制.用SQL Server 2005数据库管理系统与家庭网关,进行数据的传递与接收.通过Web浏览器,用户可以实现对智能家居系统的管理.     

选择性集成算法分类与比较

选择性集成是当前机器学习领域的研究热点之一。由于选择性集成属于NP"难"问题,人们多利用启发式方法将选择性集成转化为其他问题来求得近似最优解,因为各种算法的出发点和描述角度各不相同,现有的大量选择性集成算法显得繁杂而没有规律。为便于研究人员迅速了解和应用本领域的最新进展,本文根据选择过程中核心策略的特征将选择性集成算法分为四类,即迭代优化法、排名法、分簇法、模式挖掘法;然后利用UCI数据库的20个常用数据集,从预测性能、选择时间、结果集成分类器大小三个方面对这些典型算法进行了实验比较;最后总结了各类方法的优缺点,并展望了选择性集成的未来研究重点。     

基于JSP的移动开发技术论坛的设计与实现

本文讨论基于B/S模式的一种JSP论坛的设计与实现。完成的功能模块包括用户注册,浏览板块,发帖,回帖等,管理员编辑,删除等管理帖子功能,管理管理员用户功能等。     

电动车制动能量再生反馈控制研究

研究了电动汽车制动过程中的能量回馈，设计了混合励磁无刷电动机在汽车制动过程的能量再生反馈控制系统。以脉宽调制调压调速系统为例，研究各种制动态下的能量回馈过程。并将其安装在EV6600电动汽车上进行试验，结果表明：该控制系统可达到10%左右的能量回收效率。     

图像中的文本定位技术研究综述

介绍了图像中文本定位技术的研究现状,依据定位所利用的特征进行分类,分析了其中几种典型算法,并对文本定位算法的性能评价标准进行了深入讨论。     

基于离散裂缝模型的页岩油储层压裂渗吸数值模拟

对于含黏土矿物较高的页岩油储层,地层水的矿化度可高达4.786×103 mol·m?3,压裂过程中与注入的低矿化度压裂液形成的渗透压作用显著。为探究渗透压对渗吸的影响作用,建立了综合考虑渗透压和毛管力渗吸作用的油水两相二维离散裂缝网络模型,开展了页岩油储层压裂液泵注和关井阶段渗透压、毛管力、关井时间、盐浓度、膜效率、分支缝面积占比等对渗吸的影响规律研究。结果表明:①滤失主要由压力差、毛管力和渗透压3种机制驱动,其中压力差是滤失的关键控制机制;②关井时间对压裂液的渗吸作用影响较大,关井50 d时,前15 d渗吸量可达到总渗吸量的80%,且关井压力扩散会波及到两侧压裂段;③与压力扩散相比,渗透压达到平衡的时间较长,对于地层水矿化度为4.786×103 mol·m?3的情况,裂缝附近的矿化度达到600 mol·m?3左右所需关井时间为50 d;④由于压力差是渗吸主要驱动力,页岩膜效率对渗透压力扩散影响微弱,页岩膜效率30%与5%相比渗吸量仅增加4%;⑤对于密切割压裂,关井后,含水饱和度受小间距水力裂缝控制,分支缝对渗吸含水饱和度的影响有限。