全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5475篇 |
免费 | 364篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 66篇 |
综合类 | 7篇 |
化学工业 | 1655篇 |
金属工艺 | 62篇 |
机械仪表 | 106篇 |
建筑科学 | 218篇 |
矿业工程 | 10篇 |
能源动力 | 204篇 |
轻工业 | 706篇 |
水利工程 | 47篇 |
石油天然气 | 7篇 |
无线电 | 354篇 |
一般工业技术 | 1011篇 |
冶金工业 | 414篇 |
原子能技术 | 29篇 |
自动化技术 | 948篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 16篇 |
2023年 | 98篇 |
2022年 | 326篇 |
2021年 | 405篇 |
2020年 | 184篇 |
2019年 | 188篇 |
2018年 | 220篇 |
2017年 | 191篇 |
2016年 | 267篇 |
2015年 | 195篇 |
2014年 | 285篇 |
2013年 | 364篇 |
2012年 | 355篇 |
2011年 | 462篇 |
2010年 | 295篇 |
2009年 | 262篇 |
2008年 | 304篇 |
2007年 | 245篇 |
2006年 | 171篇 |
2005年 | 156篇 |
2004年 | 136篇 |
2003年 | 119篇 |
2002年 | 87篇 |
2001年 | 59篇 |
2000年 | 49篇 |
1999年 | 52篇 |
1998年 | 51篇 |
1997年 | 39篇 |
1996年 | 42篇 |
1995年 | 25篇 |
1994年 | 23篇 |
1993年 | 24篇 |
1992年 | 27篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1948年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有5844条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Dania Esposito Andrea Margonelli Emanuela Pace Maria Teresa Giardi Cecilia Faraloni Giuseppe Torzillo Alba Zanini 《Microgravity science and technology》2006,18(3-4):215-218
Photosynthetic microorganisms are expected to be useful to maintain an oxygenic atmosphere and to provide biomass for astronauts in the International Space Station as well as in future long-term space flights. However, fluxes of complex ionizing radiation of various intensities and energies make space an extreme environment for the microorganisms, affecting their photosynthetic efficiency. To automatically monitor the photosynthetic Photosystem II (PSII) activity of microorganisms under space conditions an optical biosensor, which utilizes chlorophyll fluorescence as biological transduction system, was built; the PSII activity was monitored by the biosensor during balloon flights at stratospheric altitudes of about 40 km. The effect of space stress on quantum yield of PSII varied among the tested species depending on the growth light conditions at which they were exposed during the flights. 相似文献
82.
Optical and mechanical properties of RLVIP HfO2 films In this paper HfO2‐films were deposited on unheated fused silica, borosilicate glass, and silicon wafer substrates by reactive low voltage ion plating (RLVIP). Optical film properties, i. e. refractive index and absorption as well as mechanical properties, particularly film stress, were investigated. Their dependence on deposition parameters, i. e. arc current and oxygen partial pressure was studied. The film refractive index was calculated from spectrophotometric measurements. The low absorption was determined by photothermal deflection spectrometry. Stress measurements were performed by bending disc method with uncoated and coated silicon wafer substrates. 相似文献
83.
Solute transport in natural streams is a complex phenomenon that involves both in-stream dispersion and mass exchange with the porous zones surrounding the water body. Due to the complex nature of the riverine systems several models may be used to simulate and analyze the transport of solutes with different degrees of complexity. The bedform-induced hyporheic transport is a stream-subsurface exchange mechanism that can be reproduced in controlled systems, such as laboratory flumes. Application of a simple Fickian diffusion model to laboratory data obtained with passive solutes and stationary bedforms proves successful within a range of durations of the contamination process. A dimensionless form of the diffusion coefficient, scaled with dynamic, physical, and geometric properties of the system is derived by comparison with another physically based model. A prediction of the dimensionless diffusion coefficient is obtained as a function of the timescale of the exchange process and is validated with a few sets of results from laboratory tests. 相似文献
84.
Antonia Bertolino Eda Marchetti Andrea Polini 《Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science》2003,82(6):44
We present an ongoing research project aimed at developing a framework for component-based testing, in which we re-use and suitably combine some existing tools: the system architecture and the components are specified by the UML, and specifically the recently proposed UML Components methodology; the test cases are derived by applying the Cow_Suite, an environment for UML-based testing, previously conceived for the integration testing of OO systems; and the tests are codified and executed within the CDT, a framework under development, allowing for the decoupling between the abstract specification of tests, which is made against an architectural model, and their concrete execution, which needs to take into account the component implementations. 相似文献
85.
Miguel Rio Andrea di Donato Frank Saka Nicola Pezzi Richard Smith Saleem Bhatti Peter Clarke 《Journal of Grid Computing》2003,1(4):329-343
This paper reports on different efforts to provide quality of service (QoS) Networking to Grid applications done in the context of the MB-NG, GRS and DataTAG EU projects. These are leading edge network research projects involving more that 50 researchers in the UK, Europe and North America, concerned with the development and testing of protocols and standards for the next generation of high speed networks. We have implemented and tested the Differentiated Services Architecture (DiffServ) in a multi-domain, 2.5 Gbits/s network (the first such deployment) defining appropriate Service Level Agreements (SLAs) to be used between administrative domains to guarantee end-to-end Quality of Service. We characterised several hardware implementations of DiffServ and concluded on their appropriateness for several network scenarios. Since current and future Grid applications will have to use modified mechanisms of congestion control we have evaluated old and new TCP implementations over a Differentiated Services Networks. These quality of service tests have also included innovative MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching) experiments to establish guaranteed bandwidth connections to Grid applications in a fast and efficient way. We have also developed a software based bandwidth broker architecture for Grids based on IETF standards which allows applications to transparently request dynamic and advanced reservations and implemented it in a real experimental network. We finally report on experiences delivering Quality of Service networking to high performance applications like Particle Physics data transfer and High Performance Computation. This includes quantitative results on the performance improvements that QoS brought to real data transfers in the context of High Performance Computing. 相似文献
86.
Employee timetabling is the operation of assigning employees to tasks in a set of shifts during a fixed period of time, typically a week. We present a general definition of employee timetabling problems (ETPs) that captures many real-world problem formulations and includes complex constraints. The proposed model of ETPs can be represented in a tabular form that is both intuitive and efficient for constraint representation and processing. The constraint networks of ETPs include non-binary constraints and are difficult to formulate in terms of simple constraint solvers. We investigate the use of local search techniques for solving ETPs. In particular, we propose several versions of hill-climbing that make use of a novel search space that includes also partial assignments. We show that, on large and difficult instances of real world ETPs, where systematic search fails, local search methods perform well and solve the hardest instances. According to our experimental results on various techniques, a simple version of hill climbing based on random moves is the best method for solving large ETP instances. 相似文献
87.
Its more refined congestion control mechanisms, also based on the estimation of round trip delays, allow TCP Vegas to outperform the more widespread TCP Reno congestion control, based only on the packet loss detection, in a number of network environments. However, these mechanisms make TCP Vegas less aggressive with respect to TCP Reno; thereby TCP Vegas sources show high weakness in taking the available bandwidth when competing with other TCP Reno sources. This is a major reason that hinders the spread of TCP Vegas among Internet users. In this work, after a preliminary analytic study about the limits of TCP Vegas in mixed network environments, we describe a new adaptive mechanism for TCP Vegas, called TCP NewVegas, designed in order to improve its performance even in heterogeneous network scenarios. The large number of simulations, presented in this paper, show that TCP NewVegas guarantees good performance even in mixed network environments, without canceling the desirable features (e.g. fairness) that TCP Vegas exhibits in homogeneous environments. 相似文献
88.
Pettarin Valeria Frontini Patricia Eliçabe Guillermo Rink Marta Pavan Andrea 《Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials》2004,8(3):269-288
This paper deals with the influence of the testing equipment on impact load measurements. A previously developed method of analysis and processing of the experimental data based on a refined analogical model of the impact event and inverse problem techniques is used. This method makes it possible to obtain the mechanical response of the material, notwithstanding the disturbance of the dynamic effects associated to the test. Results from tests carried out both on falling weight and swing pendulum instrumented testing machines are compared. It is shown that this method can give an accurate estimation of the actual bending force in impact testing independent of the testing equipment. 相似文献
89.
Scicli Andrea P.; Petrovich Gorica D.; Swanson Larry W.; Thompson Richard F. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,118(1):5
Fos, the protein product of the immediate early gene c-fos, was used to map functional circuitry underlying contextual conditioned fear. Male rats were given footshocks in a distinctive context and later tested using freezing as the behavioral measure and compared with no-shock and no-retention-test control groups. An increased number of Fos-immunoreactive neurons was found in the lateral part of the central nucleus and in the anterior basolateral and lateral amygdalar nuclei in the brains of the conditioned-fear group compared with controls. Further, a greater number of Fos-immunoreactive neurons was observed in the right central and anterior basolateral nuclei compared with the number of labeled neurons in these structures on the left. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
90.
Calabretta Raffaele Di Ferdinando Andrea Parisi Domenico 《Neural Processing Letters》2004,19(1):37-48
Generalization is a critical capacity for organisms. Modeling the behavior of organisms with neural networks, some type of generalizations appear to be accessible to neural networks but other types do not. In this paper we present two simulations. In the first simulation we show that while neural networks can recognize where an object is located in the retina even if they have never experienced that object in that position ('where' generalization subtask), they have difficulty in recognizing the identity of a familiar object in a new position ('what' generalization subtask). In the second simulation we explore the hypothesis that organisms find another solution to the problem of recognizing objects in different positions on their retina: they move their eyes so that objects are always seen in the same position in the retina. This strategy emerges spontaneously in ecological neural networks that are allowed to move their 'eye' in order to bring different portions of the visible world in the central portion of their retina. 相似文献