Einfluß des Gefüges auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Gußeisen mit rd. 3% C und 14% Cr für Walzen

Ermittlung der mechanischen Eigenschaften unterschiedlicher Bereiche gegossener Walzen mit 360 mm Ballendurchmesser und 200 mm Zapfendurchmesser aus drei Schmelzen eines Gußeisens mit rd. 3% C, 0,8% Si, 0,8% Mn, 0,14% P, 0,014% S, 14,2% Cr, 0,35% Mo und 0,5% Ni in zwei Wärmebehandlungszuständen. Zahlenmäßiger Zusammenhang zwischen der Biegefließgrenze und geeigneten Kennwerten für den Gefügezustand unter Bezugnahme auf die Beanspruchungsrichtung. Einfluß des Gefügezustandes auf das Formänderungsverhalten im statischen Biegeversuch.     

Doping modulation by electric currents in lithium niobate during crystal growth

The segregation coefficient of impurities being effective during crystal growth of LiNbO₃ from the melt can be influenced by electric currents through the growing interface. Examples are given for chromium dopings where the changes in concentration can easily be measured by optical methods. The effect can be used to mark the growing interface, to superimpose time markers during growth, and to generate periodic and aperiodic doping structures. Indications are given that the effect is due rather to electrochemical processes at the interface than to a change in growth rate caused by the Peltier effect.     

Einfluß der chemischen Zusammensetzung und der Abkühlungsbedingungen auf den Gefügezustand von Gußeisen mit rd. 3% C und 14% Cr für Walzen

Abguß von drei Walzenkörpern aus verschleißfestem Gußeisen mit 2,95 bis 3,16% C, rd. 0,8% Si, rd. 0,8% Mn, rd. 0,14% P, rd. 0,014% S, rd. 14% Cr, rd. 0,35% Mo und rd. 0,5% Ni. Abkühlgeschwindigkeit nach dem Abguß. Rechnerische Ermittlung der chemischen Zusammensetzung und der Mengenanteile der sich ausscheidenden Gefügebestandteile. Metallographische Gefügeuntersuchungen. Abstand der Sekundärarme der Mischkristalldendriten sowie Länge und Dicke der Carbidteilchen als Kenngrößen zur zahlenmäßigen Gefügebeschreibung. Einfluß der Abkühlungsbedingungen auf den Zustand des Primär- und des Sekundärgefüges.     

Orthogonality of information structures

Summary In the mathematical framework of data spaces the paper develops some important general principles of information structuring. These principles are related to the notions of redundancy of information, completeness of a set of access paths, information sharing and compounding, and virtual access to information. The results are relevant to both sequential and concurrent processing.This research is supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N00014-77-C-0536 through the University of Southern CaliforniaA version of this paper was presented at the Conference on Theoretical Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, Aug. 15–17, 1977     

Tunable microfluidic microlenses

A novel type of liquid microlens, bounded by a microfabricated, distensible membrane and activated by a microfluidic liquid-handling system, is presented. By use of an elastomer membrane fabricated by spin coating onto a dry-etched silicon substrate, the liquid-filled cavity acts as a lens whereby applied pressure changes the membrane distension and thus the focal length. Both plano-convex and plano-concave lenses, individual elements as well as arrays, were fabricated and tested. The lens surface roughness was seen to be approximately 9 nm rms, and the focal length could be tuned from 1 to 18 mm. This lens represents a robust, self-contained tunable optical structure suitable for use in, for example, a medical environment.     

Importance-driven feature enhancement in volume visualization

This paper presents importance-driven feature enhancement as a technique for the automatic generation of cut-away and ghosted views out of volumetric data. The presented focus+context approach removes or suppresses less important parts of a scene to reveal more important underlying information. However, less important parts are fully visible in those regions, where important visual information is not lost, i.e., more relevant features are not occluded. Features within the volumetric data are first classified according to a new dimension, denoted as object importance. This property determines which structures should be readily discernible and which structures are less important. Next, for each feature, various representations (levels of sparseness) from a dense to a sparse depiction are defined. Levels of sparseness define a spectrum of optical properties or rendering styles. The resulting image is generated by ray-casting and combining the intersected features proportional to their importance (importance compositing). The paper includes an extended discussion on several possible schemes for levels of sparseness specification. Furthermore, different approaches to importance compositing are treated.     

Operational Characteristics of the Camac Dataway

The basic purpose of CAMAC is to provide a standardized method for transferring data and control information between instrurrentation modules and a digital controller. CAMAC encompasses both a hardware standard for housing the modular components of a system and an electrical and logical standard for the control "language" used to effect the information transfer. The CAMAC specification contains the formally stated rules for hoth of these aspects of CAMAC. This paper concentrates on the control language and describes some of its features and uses in a less formal way than in the specification, and therefore may be useful as an introduction to the subject. Other papers in this series consider other aspects of CAMAC, including its place in the context of instrumentation systems, hardware aspects, signal standards, the Branch Highway, and coupling to computers and control systems. Here, the scope is limited to the process of information interchange within the CAMAC crate. This is a revised version of a paper previously publishled. Since the first version was published, a revised version of the CAMAC specification has been issued. This present paper is based only on the revised specification. Information on the differences between the original and revised CAMAC specifications is available.