Effect of exhaust gas recirculation on a nanoparticle-doped biodiesel- and diesel-blends-fuelled diesel engine

ABSTRACT

This work investigates the effect of adding Cerium oxide nanoparticles at different proportions (30, 60 and 90?ppm) to Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester and diesel blends (20% CI methyl ester and 80% diesel) in a four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine. Addition of nanoparticles is a strategy to reduce emission and to improve the performance of the biodiesel. Modified fuels are introduced into the engine by admitting exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) at a rate of 10% and 20% so as to reduce nitrogen oxide (NO_X) emissions from biodiesel and diesel blends. Results revealed a significant reduction in emissions (CO, NO_X, HC and Smoke) at a 10% EGR rate. However, brake thermal efficiency is reduced with an increase in brake-specific fuel consumption at higher EGR rates. Hence, it is observed that 10% EGR rate is an effective method to control the emission of biodiesel and diesel blends without compromising much on engine efficiency.     

Sustainable Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Anti-proliferative Response of Starch-Based CNT-IO and CNT-ZO Nanocomposites: A Comparative Study

Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials - Starch based carbon nanotubes-iron oxide (CNT-IO) and carbon nanotubes-zirconium oxide (CNT-ZO) nanocomposites (NCs) were fabricated...     

Slurry Erosion Resistance of Microwave Derived Ni-SiC Composite Claddings

Silicon - Hydro machinery components such as turbines, pipes, guide vanes, and pumps suffer from severe slurry erosion caused by the abrasive particles entrained in working fluid. In the current...     

An investigation over the effect of the reducing agent on the properties of the ZnO-reinforced Ni–P coatings

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - Electroless ZnO-reinforced Ni–P coatings are developed on mild steel substrates in the Electroless bath, which contains an optimum...     

Material-dependent thermoelastic damping limited quality factor and critical length analysis with size effects of micro/nanobeams

Micro/nanobeam-based resonators have found extensive applications in the micro/nanoelectromechanical system industry. Thermoelastic damping (TED) is a major energy loss issue in micro/nanobeam resonators that limits their important performance parameter, namely, the TED limited quality factor (Q_TED). The critical length (L_c) of a micro/nanobeam is another significant parameter that accounts for the maximum peak in the energy dissipation curve at which Q_TED assumes a minimum value. To evaluate Q_TED and Lc explicitly when the size of devices is scaled down, size effects play a decisive role and classical theories are inadequate. In this work, a higher-order theory, namely, modified couple stress theory (MCST), is used to overcome the size effects by including one internal material length scale parameter (l). The material-dependent thermoelastic coupled equations for a deflected Euler-Bernoulli microbeam are presented using variational and Hamilton principles. Moreover, the solutions for Q_TED are developed on the basis of a complex frequency approach with the appropriate material indices. The effects of material length scale parameters, material performance indices, mechanical boundary conditions (clamped-clamped, simply supported, and cantilever types), mode switching, and plane stress/strain conditions on Q_TED and Lc are analyzed. Numerical results are extracted from the analytical expressions by using MATLAB R2015a to quantify thermoelastic energy dissipation. The numerically computed Q_TED and L_c values are fully investigated to design high-performance resonators. The analyses verify that Q_TED is enhanced by optimizing the structural material and augmenting the material length scale parameter. The material order in which Q_TED is enhanced is the same for classical theories and MCST, i.e., it is inversely related to the TED index parameter. The influences of boundary types and mode switching on Q_TED are relatively less in accordance with the analysis. The effect of plane stress condition compared with that of plane strain condition on Q_TED is also remarkable. The L_c of the beam is determined to be dependent on the thermal diffusion length of the material used. From an adequate material point of view, poly-silicon has been proven to provide the maximum quality factor while silicon carbide yields the maximum L_c. These observations are significant and extremely helpful when designing low-loss micro/nanobeam resonators with superior performance by suitably selecting their geometry and structural materials.

     

Migration cost optimization for service provider legacy network migration to software-defined IPv6 network

This paper studies a problem for seamless migration of legacy networks of Internet service providers to a software-defined networking (SDN)-based architecture along with the transition to the full adoption of the Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) connectivity. Migration of currently running legacy IPv4 networks into such new approaches requires either upgrades or replacement of existing networking devices and technologies that are actively operating. The joint migration to SDN and IPv6 network is considered to be vital in terms of migration cost optimization, skilled human resource management, and other critical factors. In this work, we first present the approaches of SDN and IPv6 migration in service providers' networks. Then, we present the common concerns of IPv6 and SDN migration with joint transition strategies so that the cost associated with joint migration is minimized to lower than that of the individual migration. For the incremental adoption of software-defined IPv6 (SoDIP6) network with optimum migration cost, a greedy algorithm is proposed based on optimal path and the customer priority. Simulation and empirical analysis show that a unified transition planning to SoDIP6 network results in lower migration cost.     

On oscillatory rotating convection of a couple-stress fluid with helical force

Linear and weakly nonlinear stability analyses of thermosolutal convection in a couple-stress fluid with effects of helical force and rotation are performed. The governing nondimensional equations are solved using the normal modes. We have shown the effect of the helical force parameter, solutal Rayleigh number, Couple stress parameter, Lewis number, Taylor number, and Prandtl number on stationary and oscillatory convection regions and presented graphically. Solutal Rayleigh number, Couple stress parameter, Lewis number, and Taylor number have a stabilizing effect on the system whereas the helical force parameter has a destabilizing effect on the system. To study heat transport by convection we have derived the Ginzburg–Landau equation.     

No evidence for linkage of a novel CA repeat polymorphism for apoptosis antigen 1 (APO-1 or fas) with type I diabetes in a Caucasian population

Abstract DNA typing of four tetrameric repeat loci (HUMVWA, HUMTH0I, D21SII and HPRT) was carried out in a Chinese Han population from Shanghai (East China) and one from Guangzhou (South-East China) using a quadruplex PCR amplification and detection of the fluorescent-labeled alleles on the ALF DNA sequencer. All loci were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium except for D21S11 in the Guangzhou population. A test for population differentiation showed no statistical difference in the allele frequency distribution between the two populations. Comparison of the allele frequency data with other Chinese Han populations from North and South-West China for the STR loci HUMVWA and HUMTH01 revealed heterogeneity between Northern Chinese Han and Southern Chinese Han, which is in accordance with previous studies on the basis of protein markers.