A high-vacuum multichamber tester for specimens and materials

Conclusion Working principles are described for a high-vacuum multichamber tester that provides four simultaneously operating vacuum chambers in which various thermal operations can be performed: annealing, life test with thermal stabilization, thermal cycling, effects of temperature and residual gases on the corrosion and physical properties of constructional materials, etc. Ongoing observations can be made on the specimen resistance. A feature is that there is a buffer vessel, i.e., a source of high oil-free vacuum, which enables one to maintain a different pressure in each of the chambers with a single pumping system.Translated from Fiziko-Khimicheskaya Mekhanika Materialov, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 125–127, July–August, 1991.     

Copolymers of aniline and o‐methoxyaniline: Synthesis and characterization

High‐conversion (HC) copolymers of aniline and o‐methoxyaniline (o‐anizidine) were synthesized for the first time by chemical oxidative copolymerization by using various polymerization techniques (simultaneous or consecutive introduction of comonomers into the polymerizing system). Low‐conversion (LC) copolymers have also been synthesized for comparison. The polymers obtained were characterized by using ¹H‐NMR, infrared, and electronic absorption spectroscopy; differential scanning calorimetry; and electrical conductivity measurements. Solubility characteristics and composition of different fractions of the copolymers were also determined. It was shown that, in contrast to the LC copolymers, HC copolymers reveal relatively poor solubility. Electrical conductivity of copolymers and also of o‐methoxyaniline homopolymer is lower as compared to polyaniline, which correlates with notable hypsochromic (blue) shift of the bands in electronic absorption spectra. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1822–1828, 2005