Processing recursive queries on transputers

There is a perceived need within the database community to extend the traditional relational database systems so as to accommodate applications which are deductive in nature. One major problem involved in such an extension is the efficient processing of recursive queries. To this end, parallel processing is expected to play an important role. While substantial work has been done in devising strategies for processing recursive queries in parallel, it is perhaps surprising that little has been reported on the implementation and the run-time performance of these strategies. In the paper we report our experience of implementing a pipelined evaluation strategy on transputers. A wide range of queries, database structures and architectural configurations are considered as benchmarks in this study. The performance is studied in terms of both speed-up factors and communication costs. The experimental results show the potential of processing recursive queries in parallel, and provide insight into the usefulness of using transputers for such applications.     

Influence of titania on zirconia promoted Cu/SiO2 catalysts for methanol synthesis from CO/H2 and CO2/H2

The effects of adding mixtures of titania and zirconia on the methanol synthesis activity and selectivity of Cu/SiO₂ were investigated. The synthesis of methanol from both CO/H₂ and CO₂/H₂ mixtures was examined at 0.65 MPa and temperatures between 448 and 573 K. For CO hydrogenation, the addition of ZrO₂ alone increased the methanol synthesis activity of Cu/SiO₂ by up to three-fold. Substitution of a portion of the ZrO₂ by TiO₂ decreased the methanol synthesis activity of the catalyst relative to that observed when only ZrO₂ is added. ZrO₂ addition also enhanced the methane synthesis activity by as much as seven fold. In the case of CO₂ hydrogenation, the maximum methanol synthesis activity is achieved when a 50/50 wt% mixture of ZrO₂ and TiO₂ is added to Cu/SiO₂. Neither the presence of the oxide additive nor its composition had any effect on the activity of the reverse water–gas-shift reaction, which suggests that this reaction proceeds only on Cu. The observed effects of ZrO₂ and TiO₂ on the catalytic activity of methanol synthesis from CO and CO₂, and methane synthesis from CO, are interpreted in terms of the strength and concentration of acidic and basic groups on the surface of the dispersed oxide.     

An in situ infrared study of NO reduction by C3H8 over Fe‐ZSM‐5

The interactions of NO, O₂ and NO₂ with Fe‐ZSM‐5, as well as the reduction of NO by C₃H₈ in the presence of O₂, have been investigated using in situ infrared spectroscopy. The sample of Fe‐ZSM‐5 (Fe/Al =0.56) was prepared by solid‐state ion exchange. NO adsorption in the absence of O₂ produces only mono‐ and dinitrosyl species associated with Fe²⁺ cations. Adsorbed NO₂/NO₃ species are formed via the reaction of adsorbed O₂ with gas‐phase NO or by the adsorption of gas‐phase NO₂. The reduction of NO in the presence of O₂ begins with the reaction of gas‐phase C₃H₈ with adsorbed NO₂/NO₃ species to form a nitrogen‐containing polymeric species. A reaction pathway is proposed for the catalyzed reduction of NO by C₃H₈ in the presence of O₂. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effect of hydrogen treatment on the porous structure of Al2O3-SnO2 system

The results of an investigation of the porous structure of the Al₂O₃-SnO₂ system and its properties after hydrogen treatment are presented. Pore size distribution was determined on the basis of low temperature nitrogen adsorption measurements. Reduction of the system by H₂ leads to a decrease of the parameters defining porous structure. We conclude that this is due to the reduction of Sn(IV) species to oxidation state II.     

柴油机增压与车室采暖加热复合系统仿真研究

本文给出了一种柴油机复合增压和供热的复合系统,通过控制阀门的开闭,在柴油机不同的运转工况时实现不同的增压方式;通过串联的喷油燃烧装置和旁通调节装置,调节排气温度.仿真研究结果表明,复合增压与采暖系统即可提高柴油机低转速大负荷时候的增压压力,又避免了柴油机高速工况时增压压力过高,使柴油机在全部转速范围内具有较好的燃油经济性和较好的换气性能;供热装置能够在柴油机运转范围内提供稳定的热源,并且降低了采暖所需的燃油消耗.     

Polyethylene multiwalled carbon nanotube composites

Polyethylene (PE) multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with weight fractions ranging from 0.1 to 10 wt% were prepared by melt blending using a mini-twin screw extruder. The morphology and degree of dispersion of the MWCNTs in the PE matrix at different length scales was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). Both individual and agglomerations of MWCNTs were evident. An up-shift of 17 cm⁻¹ for the G band and the evolution of a shoulder to this peak were obtained in the Raman spectra of the nanocomposites, probably due to compressive forces exerted on the MWCNTs by PE chains and indicating intercalation of PE into the MWCNT bundles. The electrical conductivity and linear viscoelastic behaviour of these nanocomposites were investigated. A percolation threshold of about 7.5 wt% was obtained and the electrical conductivity of PE was increased significantly, by 16 orders of magnitude, from 10⁻²⁰ to 10⁻⁴ S/cm. The storage modulus (G′) versus frequency curves approached a plateau above the percolation threshold with the formation of an interconnected nanotube structure, indicative of ‘pseudo-solid-like’ behaviour. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break of the nanocomposites decreased with addition of MWCNTs. The diminution of mechanical properties of the nanocomposites, though concomitant with a significant increase in electrical conductivity, implies the mechanism for mechanical reinforcement for PE/MWCNT composites is filler-matrix interfacial interactions and not filler percolation. The temperature of crystallisation (T_c) and fraction of PE that was crystalline (F_c) were modified by incorporating MWCNTs. The thermal decomposition temperature of PE was enhanced by 20 K on addition of 10 wt% MWCNT.     

球墨铸铁气焊工艺探讨

球墨铸铁因其铸造性能差,常产生缩孔、缩松、夹渣、石墨漂浮、皮下气孔以及球化衰退等缺陷[1,2],其中缩孔、缩松和夹渣缺陷往往是球墨铸铁件的致命缺陷,相当一部分铸件因为局部位置的缺陷而报废.公司现有的球墨铸铁气焊材料为401焊丝和402焊丝,大部分焊接后有色差要求的球墨铸铁件不能挽救.本文通过对球墨铸铁件气焊焊材的选择和工艺探讨,以期能够对缺陷铸件挽救工程提供帮助.     

复杂曲面特征线自动提取技术研究

复杂曲面零件的几何模型重构是逆向工程的研究重点之一,由零件表面的数字化数据提取特征线是构造几何模型的重要步骤。针对由CMM获取的三维数据“点云”,提出了基于扫描线的三维分层式方法实现特征线的自动提取,提出了基于局部增量网格扩张的三维散乱数据三角剖分算法,实现任意曲面尖锐棱线的自动提取。实践说明,通过该算法得到的复杂曲面的边界线能够满足模型重建的工程需求。     

低温甲醇洗净化工艺技术浅析

介绍了低温甲醇洗净化工艺的技术原理、工艺流程及技术特点,并通过与其它净化工艺的技术指标进行比较,证明其是一种节能型的酸性气体净化工艺。     

矿渣微粉高性能混凝土的抗侵蚀试验研究

混凝土侵蚀的主要原因是水泥石遭受了侵蚀,外界环境中的侵蚀介质(如硫酸盐及镁盐)通过水泥石开口孔隙进入到水泥石内部,与水泥石中易分解于软水的成分如氢氧化钙、水化铝酸钙等反应生成钙矾石或石膏等侵蚀产物,钙矾石体积膨胀和石膏结晶膨胀都会引起水泥石结构的开裂,继而造成混凝土的破坏。由于高性能混凝土掺加了高效减水剂和大掺量超细掺合料并采用低水胶比配制混凝土,使得这种混凝土中水泥石的孔隙减少,而且缩小了孔径;同时大掺量超细掺合料可以大大减少水泥石内的不稳定成分,从而使高性能混凝土抗侵蚀性能得以提高。