The influence of age stereotypes on managerial decisions.

Used an in-basket exercise to investigate the influence of age stereotypes on the simulated managerial decisions of 142 business undergraduates. A "younger employee" and an "older employee" version were created for each of 6 in-basket items covering a variety of managerial problems. Results confirm the hypothesis that stereotypes regarding older employees' physical, cognitive, and emotional characteristics lead to discrimination against older workers. Implications for older workers' motivation and career satisfaction are discussed, and suggestions are made for organizational change to accommodate the special needs of older workers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Application of capillary electrophoresis and related techniques to drug metabolism studies

The use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the separation of small organic molecules such as pharmaceutical agents and drug/xenobiotic metabolites has become increasingly popular. This has arisen, at least in part, from the complimentary mode of separation afforded by CE when compared to the more mature technique of HPLC. Other qualities of CE include relative ease of method of development, rapid analysis, and low solvent consumption. The recent introduction of a variety of detector systems (including UV diode array, laser-induced fluorescence, conductivity) and the demonstrated coupling of CE to MS have also aided acceptance of this technology. In the present report, we review the role of CE coupled to various detector systems including a mass spectrometer for the characterization of both in vitro and in vivo derived drug metabolite mixtures. Attributes of CE for this application are demonstrated by discussion of metabolism studies of the neuroleptic agent haloperidol. Various aspects of the development and use of CE and CE-MS for the characterization of haloperidol metabolites, including criteria for selection of parameters such as pH, ionic strength, extent of organic modification, and the use of nonaqueous capillary zone electrophoresis are discussed. We also consider potential limitations of CE and CE-MS for drug metabolism research and describe the introduction of membrane preconcentration-CE (mPC-CE) and mPC-CE-MS as a solution that overcomes the rather poor concentration limits of detection of CE methods without compromising the resolution of analytes or separation efficiency of this technique.     

Microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix

3-Deacetoxy-7-(alpha-amino-1-cyclohexenylacetoamido) cephalosporanic acid (SCE-100) was compared to cephalexin with respect to absorption, tissue distribution, and urinary and biliary excretion in mice, rats, rabbits and dogs. The absorption of SCE-100 after oral administration is generally slower than that of cephalexin, but its disappearance from blood and tissues is delayed. The concentration of SCE-100 in the liver is distinctly higher than that of cephalexin. These properties of SCE-100 are most clearly manifested in rats. There is no significant difference in urinary excretion of the two cephalosporins in rabbits and dogs, while in rabbits, biliary excretion of SCE-100 is more intensive than that of cephalexin.     

Specificity of digestive lipases in hydrolysis of wax esters and triglycerides studied in anchovy and other selected fish

The physiological specificity of fat digestion in several species of marine fish was studied by incubating a variety of synthetic and natural lipid substrates in fish intestinal fluid. Wax ester and triglyceride hydrolyses were studied in vivo and in vitro. In vivo feeding studies showed triglyceride hydrolysis and reesterification in the gut occurred 4 times faster than wax ester metabolism. In vitro comparisons of wax and triglyceride lipolysis always showed triglycerides to be hydrolyzed faster than wax esters; however, wide variation in the ratio occurred among different batches of intestinal juice. Ca. 50% of the 2 monoglycerides formed in the lipolytic sequence were hydrolyzed. Esters of lipase resistent fatty acids (20:4 and 20:5) were cleaved faster than normal fatty acid esters (18:2 and 18:3). Two of the species studied, the northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax and the jack mackerel, Trachurus symmetricus, empty lipase(s) into their gall bladders and produce-phospholipid free bile.     

Neuropsychological studies of the frontal lobes.

Summarizes the current state of knowledge of prefrontal lobe functions as derived from studies and observations of adult humans following frontal lobe damage. Following an overview of the neuroanatomy and neuropathology, frontal lobe activities are presented under the following headings: motor functions; sensory, perception, and construction functions; attention; abnormal awareness; flexibility–perseveration; language; memory; cognition; personality; localization; and hemispheric activity. Six specific prefrontal functions are suggested as the principal disorders underlying many if not all of the described manifestations. Thus, prefrontal damage can (1) separate action from knowledge, (2) impair the ability to handle sequential behaviors, (3) impair the ability to establish or change a set, (4) impair the ability to maintain a set, (5) impair the ability to monitor personal behavior, and (6) produce attitudes of apathy. (5? p ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of performance appraisal format, age, and performance level on retirement decisions.

79 college business administration students reviewed completed performance appraisal forms and other personal data and arrived at recommendations with regard to employee retirement. Three independent variables—performance appraisal format (trait scales, behaviorally anchored rating scales, or management by objective reports), employee age (58, 65, or 69 yrs), and performance level (high, medium, or low)—were manipulated. Significant age of employee effects were found, with the 69-yr-old employee receiving the least favorable treatment. Age effects on retirement decisions tended to be very similar regardless of the type of performance appraisal format used. Significant performance effects were also found, and high performers were judged to be fit to continue regardless of age. (5 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The pelvic osteotomy of Chiari: an anatomical study of the hazards and misleading radiographic appearances

The medial displacement osteotomy of Chiari has an established place in the management of older children and adults with severe hip dysplasia. The results claimed for the operation are, however, variable. There have also been reports of sciatic nerve lesions. In this study ten cadavers were operated upon. Chiari osteotomy was performed upon five, and five acted as controls. The hemipelvis was removed from each cadaver; each specimen was deep-frozen and sectioned transversely. The distance of the sciatic nerve from the nearest bony point was measured in each section and the results were recorded graphically. A further radiographic and photographic study was performed to determine whether apparent displacement at the osteotomy might be misleading. The conclusion was drawn that the sciatic nerve is angulated at the osteotomy and further endangered by the risk of bone splintering at the sciatic notch. The radiographic study suggested that some poor clinical results may be explained by a radiological artefact, because there is a tendency for the osteotomy to hinge posteriorly at the sciatic notch opening anteriorly like a book. Radiographs may suggest excellent medial displacement whereas in fact the femoral head is very poorly covered.