Dynamic penetration of soil media by slender projectiles

In the investigation of earth penetration by projectiles, new experimental techniques, refined constitutive models, and multidimensional wavecodes are providing insights into the complex mechanisms which control the penetration process.     

The in vitro hydrolysis of leaf proteins. II.—The action of papain on protein concentrates extracted from leaves of different species

The in vitro digestion by papain of protein concentrates extracted from 14 different species of leaves is described. The extent of hydrolysis varies with species and is probably influenced by preparative technique. The effect of leaf age is less certain: most proteins made by the current standard procedure from any one species, at all stages of growth, have similar digestibilities, but the digestibility of some preparations from mature leaves is less in vitro, but more in vivo, than of preparations from young leaves. The hydrolysis of some fractionated proteins, prepared by controlled heating of leaf extracts, is also described. For all the species examined the ‘chloroplastic’ fraction is digested less, and the ‘cytoplasmic’ fraction more, than the corresponding whole protein: these results agree with those previously obtained in vivo. Differences in the N contents and in vitro digestibility of laboratory-prepared fractions and those made on a large scale are discussed. Simulated whole protein, made by combining ‘chloroplastic’ and ‘cytoplasmic’ fractions in the correct proportions, is not hydrolysed to the same extent as the corresponding whole concentrate. The percentages of ‘chloroplastic’ and ‘cytoplasmic’ protein, made by the method described here, varies with species, but the ratio seems not to alter as the leaf matures; this could explain the consistent in vitro results usually obtained with recent preparations, irrespective of leaf age. It is suggested that protein digestibility could be assessed rapidly by the method described here as a preliminary to the more thorough, but slower, in vivo tests.     

A new method of treatment for mallet finger. A preliminary report

An infant with a typical Edwards syndrome and a modal chromosome number of 46 is reported. In all cells analyzed one chromosome G was missing and an additional chromosome similar to a pair No. 16 was present. The phenotype of the child indicates that the extra element is a translocation between G and 18 chromosomes as in one case described previously.     

Use of Stochastic Networks in Reliability Analysis

The application of stochastic networks to reliability analysis is discussed. The article illustrates how the conventional “reliability block diagram” can be replaced by a stochastic network. Once the stochastic network is developed the analyst is able to determine the mean and variance of the reliability of complex systems with relative ease by using the computer program presented. The program is coded in FORTRAN IV and will evaluate the reliability of any mixture of series and parallel subsystems. An example problem is presented in order to illustrate the technique and the use of the program.     

Quantitative cytochemical changes induced by dexamethasone and adrenalectomy in rat liver chromatin

A wild-type strain of Staphylococcus aureus, which inactivates a wide variety of aminoglycosides (except the gentamicin components), has been found to harbor a plasmid (RAp01) that mediates the biosynthesis of a nucleotidyltransferase. This enzyme modifies the 4'-hydroxy function of these antibiotics. The plasmid has been studied, the enzyme responsible for this resistance pattern has been isolated by affinity chromatography, and its kinetics and physicochemistry have been characterized. The target of this enzyme has also been located by demonstrating the structure of one inactivated compound, 4'-(O)-adenylyltobramycin.     

Transformation-induced alterations in adhesion. Binding of pre-formed cell aggregates to cell layers

Male and female college students were shown videotapes of supposed male offenders describing the details of thefts they had committed. Videotaped sequences were varied so that offenders were 9 to 10 years old or of college age. Also, actors varied in their mode of emotional self-presentation. Comparisons of punishments suggested by subjects indicated that joyful actors received the highest level of punishment while distressed offenders received the lowest level of suggested punishment. It was also found that the emotions of children exerted a greater persuasive effect on subjects' ratings than did the emotions of adults although the pattern of results was similar across ages. These results were discussed as demonstrating that the age and emotion of an offender can exert considerable influence on the attribution of blame made by a disciplinarian.