伸缩性弹力素材及其在弹力织物中的应用

伸缩性弹力素材以其穿着舒适性和能够表现出紧身服装形态美的设计理念等特征而大受欢迎,并被广泛应用.伸缩性弹力素材按照纤维集合体形式分类,主要包括弹性纤维、弹性纱线、弹性织物等三大类,文章详细列举并分析了这3类伸缩性弹力素材及其加工工艺,并介绍了伸缩性弹力素材在服装领域的应用情况.     

胭脂虫酸染丝织物时钛离子前媒工艺的探讨

将钛离子前媒处理后的丝织物,采用天然染料胭脂虫酸进行染色,以丝织物的K／S、H值进行表征,对媒染剂浓度、温度、时间三个工艺因素进行了单因素实验,得到了钛离子前媒处理的最佳工艺参数（媒染液浓度510-3mol／L,40℃,40min）。用钛离子分别与丝的模拟物-丝肽、胭脂虫酸刺成配合物,测定配合物的红外光谱,丝肽中-NH2,酰胺Ⅰ、酰胺Ⅱ、羟基、羧基;胭脂虫酸分子中葡萄糖剩基上环状C-O-C,醌结构中的酚羟基、羧基等基团参与了与钛离子的配合反应。     

棉织物手感值的模糊综合评判研究

利用模糊综合评判数学模型对棉织物的手感值进行了计算与分析，这种方法简单、可靠，与主观评估结果有很好的一致性，为纺织生产的质量判断提供了便利。     

酿造用水的品质与调味品的风味

概述了酿造调味品用水的品质对发酵过程的影响,以实际为例介绍了发酵过程中水的品质对生物活性的影响,直接促进或阻碍着有效成分的生成、口感及呈香等风味物质的生成。建议调味品生产企业在提高调味品质量和风味的同时,要把水资源的品质放在重要位置考虑。     

田间状况下烤烟养分吸收动力学及其在平衡施肥中的应用

在土壤气候条件不同的南方湖南酸性红壤地区和北方河南石灰性土壤地区进行的田间试验表明：在烤烟移栽后的前３周中，烤烟烟株吸收的Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ的速率极低，从第４周开始，烟株吸收Ｎ、Ｋ和Ｃａ的速率增加极快，并在第６至８周达到最大吸收速率，然后急剧下降。直到收获结束，Ｐ和Ｍｇ的吸收速率都增加极少。烤烟干物质累积速率在曲线形状上与养分吸收速率曲线相似，但二者不同步，干物质最大累积速率比养分最大吸收速率迟了约半周至１周。说明烤烟必须为其快速生长首先积累必需的养分。在烤烟移栽后的前６周，烟叶内的Ｋ／Ｎ比变化缓慢，从６周开始急剧增加并达到最大值。据此，建议在基肥中使用较高的Ｋ／Ｎ比，而在窝肥中使用较低的Ｋ／Ｎ比。河南襄县点的Ｋ／Ｎ比明显小于湖南慈利点，说明在襄县点应增加钾肥的施用，以提高烟叶中的Ｋ／Ｎ比。在慈利点，烤烟早期吸收的钾多于钙，晚期吸收的钾少于钙。然而在襄县点，烟株整个生育期吸收的钙均大于钾。烟叶早期的含钾量最高，随着生育期的发展而逐渐降低。慈利点烟叶钙含量随着生育期的发展稍微有所下降，而襄县点的烟叶钙含量却随着生育期的推移明显增加。     

Effects of limited enzymatic hydrolysis with trypsin on the functional properties of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) protein isolate

Effects of limited enzymatic hydrolysis induced by trypsin on the physicochemical and functional properties of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) protein isolate (HPI) were investigated. The enzymatic hydrolysis was confirmed by sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). SEC and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses confirmed the presence of aggregates in the corresponding hydrolysates (with the degree of hydrolysis of 2.3–6.7%). Functional properties, including protein solubility (PS), thermal properties, emulsifying and foaming properties, and water holding and fat adsorption capacities (WHC and FAC) were evaluated. The PS was remarkably improved by the limited enzymatic hydrolysis at all tested pH values. However, the enzymatic hydrolysis led to the marked decreases in emulsifying activity index, foaming capacity and foam stability, WHC and FAC. These decreases were to a great extent related to the presence of aggregates in the hydrolysates.     

肠溶性嗜酸乳杆菌微胶囊工艺研究

采用生物相容性良好的海藻酸钠为壁材,利用冷冻干燥与包埋结合的方法,将嗜酸乳杆菌包埋在保护微胶囊中,可达到减少、甚至避免菌体冻干和胃环境的伤害而在肠环境中溶解释放,从而保证有足够数量的嗜酸乳杆菌发挥益生作用。通过检测活菌数、包封率、粒径大小及在模拟胃环境中的耐酸性和模拟肠环境中的肠溶性,确定出嗜酸乳杆菌微囊制备的最佳制备工艺。试验表明:在海藻酸钠质量分数为2%、乳化时间10min、搅拌速度400r/min、菌胶体积比为1∶6的工艺参数下,依据包封率为试验指标,参考粒径大小以及呈球效果,得到最高包封率为59.20%,且制成的嗜酸菌微胶囊具有良好的耐酸性和肠溶性。     

Molecular, seasonal, and spatial distributions of organic aerosols from fourteen Chinese cities

Organic aerosols were studied at the molecular level in 14 coastal and inland mega-cities in China during winter and summer 2003. They are characterized by the abundant presence of n-alkanes (annual average, 340 ng m(-3)), fatty acids (769 ng m(-3)), sugars (412 ng m(-3)), and phthalates (387 ng m(-3)). In contrast, fatty alcohols, polyols/polyacids, lignin and resin products, sterols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and hopanes were detected as relatively minor components. n-Alkanes show a weak odd/even carbon predominance (CPI = 1.1) and PAHs show a predominance of benzo(b)fluoranthene, suggesting a serious contribution from fossil fuel (mainly coal) combustion. Their concentrations (except for phthalates and polyols/polyacids) were 2-15 times higher in winter than summer due to a significant usage of coal burning and an enhancement of atmospheric inversion layers. Phthalates were found to be more abundant in summer than winter, probably due to enhanced vaporization from plastics followed by adsorptive deposition on the pre-existing particles. Concentrations of total quantified compounds are extremely high (approximately 10 microg m(-3)) in the midwest (Chongqing and Xi'an) where active industrialization/urbanization is going on. This study shows that concentrations of the compounds detected are 1-3 orders of magnitude higher than those reported from developed countries.