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51.
Highly transparent and conducting fluorine (F) doped cadmium oxide (CdO) thin films were deposited on glass slides by the sol-gel method. The films were doped by the addition of ammonium fluoride to the precursor solution whose optimum concentration was determined. The films were fired in an open atmosphere at 350 °C and after that, exposed to annealing treatments in different atmospheres (N2, N2/H2 mixture and Ar) at the same temperature. The films were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The resistivity was determined by the four probes method and current-voltage measurements in accordance with the standard Van der Pauw configuration. The CdO:F thin films obtained, showed high polycrystalline quality and high transmission in the visible region (≥ 90%), shifting towards the blue region of the absorption edge as the fluorine concentration in the precursor solution was increased from 0 to 30 at.%. The lowest resistivity values were reached for the samples with F content higher or equal to 5% and annealed in either N2 or a 96/4 N2/H2 gas mixture. Our resistivity value reached in the CdO:F layers was 4.5 × 10− 4 Ω cm (20 Ω/square). 相似文献
52.
Francisco J. Collado Eduardo Sevilla Carlos Valcárcel 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2002,48(5):1100-1108
New thermodynamic fundamentals for vertical pneumatic conueying are proposed with derivation based strictly on mass conservation and continuum concept. For a 1-D, vertical, steady gas-solid flow, these new mass and energy balances allowed the derivation of a new nondimensional energy factor containing the pressure drop. This energy factor correlated quite well with the difference between the inlet gas velocity and solids terminal velocity, when tested against high-pressure, 15-m-high, vertical pneumatic transport data from Institute of Gas Technology. The energy factor was also checked against atmospheric-pressure data of the 5-m lift line of the Pennsylvania State Uniuersity. The new energy factor covers quite well both the atmospheric- and high-pressure sets of data (923 tests) including two heights, lean- and dense-phase transports, several pipe diameters, broad and narrow particle-size distributions, and different materials. The dissipation terms in gas-solid flow were also clearly identified. 相似文献
53.
Robbins Michael S.; Turner Charles W.; Alexander James F.; Perez Gonzalo A. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,17(4):534
This study examined the relationship between alliance and retention in family therapy. Alliance was examined at the individual (parent and adolescent) and family levels (within-family differences). Participants were 34 families who received functional family therapy for the treatment of adolescent (aged 12-18 years) behavior problems. Families were classified as treatment dropouts (n=14) or completers (n=20). Videotapes of the first sessions were rated to identify parent and adolescent alliances with the therapist. Results demonstrated that individual parent and adolescent alliances did not predict retention. However, as hypothesized, dropout cases had significantly higher unbalanced alliances (parent minus adolescent) than did completer cases. These findings highlight the importance of alliances in functional family therapy and suggest that how the alliance operates in conjoint family therapy may be a function of systemic rather than of individual processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
54.
In this work, we present a novel process to produce plasticized PVC articles. Plasticized PVC dispersion resin (dry blend) was extruded and poured into a hot mold. The mold was transferred to a rotomolding machine, where the final geometry was obtained. Formulations using commercial PVC suspension resin and three different types of plasticizers were prepared under different processing conditions. The physical appearance of the articles and the tensile properties of the materials were evaluated. 相似文献
55.
Dipl.-Phys. Andreas Neuber M. Sc. Guenther Carlos Krieger Dipl.-Ing. Markus Tacke Prof. Dr.-Ing Johannes Janicka 《Forschung im Ingenieurwesen》1996,62(7-8):188-194
Zusammenfassung Die laserspektroskopischen Me?methoden laserinduzierte Fluoreszenz und spontane Ramanspektroskopie werden eingesetzt zur Messung
der Konzentrationen von Stickoxid, Hydroxyl sowie der chemischen Hauptkomponenten und der Temperatur. Betrachtet wird die
thermische Umsetzung von Wasserstoff mit Luftsauerstoff. Es wird die experimentelle Vorgehensweise und Problematik dargestellt.
Ebenso wird der Weg der Modellierung und Berechnung turbulenter Verbrennungsvorg?nge am konkreten Beispiel skizziert. Die
Annahme chemischen Gleichgewichts stellt sich als ungenügend in der Berechnung der Stickoxid- und Hydroxylkonzentrationen
heraus. Eine deutlich bessere Vorhersage wird durch Einführen einer Reaktionsfortschrittsvariablen für das chemische Modell
erreicht. 相似文献
56.
Alberto Accumolli 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》1993,9(5):407-410
This paper gives a review of the methodology used to tune the run-in process of a PC manufacturing line. It shows in some detail the analysis carried-out on the test data gathered on the manufacturing line and presents a clear picture of the run-in process in order to choose the best compromise between process efficiency and costs. 相似文献
57.
AJ Dorta M Ferra R Bu-Colfiu L García M Gil X Escobar G Martín NA Díaz OM Perez MT Interián 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,10(10):490-491
It is essential to know how the immune system acts in different neurological diseases, some of them non very well known or of unknown etiology at all. It was applied Reiber and Felgenhauer's formula in 56 patients with different diseases. IgA, IgM, IgG and albumin were quantified in sera and cerebrospinal fluid by simple immunodiffusion. It was observed more frequent IgG local synthesis and IgA in this sample. 相似文献
58.
Carlos A. Felippa Bjrn Haugen Carmelo Militello 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》1995,38(2):199-229
This paper starts a sequence of three articles that follow an unconventional approach in finite element research. The ultimate objective is to construct high-performance elements and element-level error estimators for those elements. The approach takes off from our previous work in high-performance elements and culminates with the development of finite element templates. The present paper concentrates on the patch test and evolved versions of the test that have played a key role in this research. Following a brief review of the historical roots, we present the Individual Element Test (IET) of Bergan and Hanssen in an expanded context that encompasses several important classes of new elements. The relationship of the IET to the multielement forms A, B and C of the patch test and to the single-element test are investigated. An important consequence of the IET application is that the element stiffness equations decompose naturally into basic and higher-order parts. The application of this decomposition to the “sanitization” of the non-convergent BCIZ element is described and verified with numerical experiments. Two sequel papers in preparation are subtitled ‘the algebraic approach’ and ‘element-level error estimation’. These apply the fundamental decomposition to the derivation of templates for specific mechanical elements and to the construction of element-level error estimators, respectively. 相似文献
59.
An overview of FDA medical device regulation as it relates to deep brain stimulation devices. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Carlos Pe?a Kristen Bowsher Ann Costello Robert De Luca Sara Doll Khan Li Marie Schroeder Theodore Stevens 《IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering》2007,15(3):421-424
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is charged with assuring the safety and effectiveness of a variety of medical products and the FDA's Center for Devices and Radiological Health is responsible for premarket and postmarket regulation of medical devices. In this paper, we review--from device classification and clinical studies to the final marketing application--FDA's premarket requirements and postmarket requirements as they relate to deep brain stimulation devices. 相似文献
60.
A calorimetric measurement technique developed for NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN) transmitters that does not require data on the coolant's thermal parameters is described. Calibration of the measurement system is achieved by measuring the DC input power to the klystron and relating coolant temperature increase to this known power dissipation. Agreement between calorimetric and electrical measurements of total system power was good, the difference being less than 2%. The operation of the system was not greatly affected by the composition of the coolant, which was varied from pure water to 40% ethylene glycol by mass. Good accuracy was also shown at output power levels, which varied over a 3.6:1 range 相似文献