电熔MgO-ZrO2原料显微结构的研究

以轻烧氧化镁和锆英石为原料,采用电熔法制备了MgO-ZrO2合成料,利用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪对材料的显微结构进行了分析,计算了材料中各物相的化学组成,探讨了其显微结构的形成过程.研究结果表明,在电熔过程中锆英石分解产生的SiO2在晶界的低钙区域中以2MgO·SiO2的形式存在,而在高钙区域将生成MgO·SiO2·Ca...     

仿生聚多巴胺对HMX、TATB和铝粉的界面性能改性

为了研究表面改性方法及表面包覆均匀性、浸润性等性状对含能材料的机械感度、界面力学性能以及工艺性能的影响,仿生贻贝黏附蛋白的作用原理,以多巴胺为前驱体,采用一步法使其在含能材料表面聚合形成一层致密牢固的包覆薄膜聚多巴胺(PDA),制备了改性单质炸药(HMX@PDA、TATB@PDA)和改性铝粉(Al@PDA)。通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱和接触角测试仪对改性含能材料的表面形貌、药柱断裂处微观形貌、元素含量以及表面浸润性能进行了表征,采用国军标(GJB-772A-1997)、巴西实验等标准测试方法对改性含能材料的机械感度、拉伸应力-应变曲线等进行了测试,并将实测性能与未改性含能材料进行了对比分析。结果表明,与HMX晶体比较,HMX@PDA晶体的摩擦感度下降30%,特性落高数值增加一倍;与TATB基药柱比较,TATB@PDA基药柱的拉伸强度提高约15%;与Al粉比较,Al@PDA在HTPB液相中24h后可有效减缓沉降。聚多巴胺对晶体完整致密的包覆性能以及含有丰富活性基团的特性,对含能材料的包覆降感、界面力学性能提升和工艺稳定性提升等方面具有显著的界面改性作用。     

The CTFA Evaluation of Alternatives Program: an evaluation of in vitro alternatives to the Draize primary eye irritation test. (Phase III) surfactant-based formulations

The CTFA Evaluation of Alternatives Program is an evaluation of the relationship between data from the Draize primary eye irritation test and comparable data from a selection of promising in vitro eye irritation tests. In Phase III, data from the Draize test and 41 in vitro endpoints on 25 representative surfactant-based personal care formulations were compared. As in Phase I and Phase II, regression modelling of the relationship between maximum average Draize score (MAS) and in vitro endpoint was the primary approach adopted for evaluating in vitro assay performance. The degree of confidence in prediction of MAS for a given in vitro endpoint is quantified in terms of the relative widths of prediction intervals constructed about the fitted regression curve. Prediction intervals reflect not only the error attributed to the model but also the material-specific components of variation in both the Draize and the in vitro assays. Among the in vitro assays selected for regression modeling in Phase III, the relationship between MAS and in vitro score was relatively well defined. The prediction bounds on MAS were most narrow for materials at the lower or upper end of the effective irritation range (MAS = 0-45), where variability in MAS was smallest. This, the confidence with which the MAS of surfactant-based formulations is predicted is greatest when MAS approaches zero or when MAS approaches 45 (no comment is made on prediction of MAS > 45 since extrapolation beyond the range of observed data is not possible). No single in vitro endpoint was found to exhibit relative superiority with regard to prediction of MAS. Variability associated with Draize test outcome (e.g. in MAS values) must be considered in any future comparisons of in vivo and in vitro test results if the purpose is to predict in vivo response using in vitro data.     

全民健康和医药卫生教育及法规体系研究

我国医药卫生体制改革取得重大进展,但在全民健康教育、卫生人才培养及卫生法律体系建设等方面仍存在巨大挑战。本文总结国内外已有经验,分析我国全民健康和医药卫生教育及法规体系现状和面临的挑战,提出了完善全民健康和医药卫生教育及法规体系的政策建议:构建全民健康教育体系,加强全民健康教育的强制性;根据社会需求培养适宜卫生人才,加强全科医生培养,提高基层医疗卫生服务水平和可及性;尽快推动医药卫生"母法"的出台,并对现行医药卫生相关的法律、规章和规范性文件进行梳理和修订。     

微晶玻璃的制备与光谱特性

高温熔制摩尔组分为32CaO-12Y₂O₃-24Al₂O₃-31SiO₂-1Yb₂O₃的玻璃, 制得的玻璃于950、1050、1100℃三个不同温度进行热处理, 用XRD分析热处理后样品的相变, 用TEM观察1050℃热处理后的样品, 并研究了1050℃热处理前后样品的光谱特性. 研究结果表明: 玻璃在1050℃热处理后, 在玻璃中产生单一YAG相微晶颗粒; 热处理前后样品光谱特性的变化表明热处理后掺杂的Yb ³⁺离子择优进入到YAG晶格位, 制备得到了透明Yb:YAG微晶玻璃.     

火星探测技术综述

本文简要回顾了各国火星探测的历史,介绍了目前我们对火星的形成、演化、地质和地理特性以及气候特征等多方面的认识,并且详细阐述了有关火星的一些未解之谜。对以后火星探测中应该关注的研究方向进行了分析。最后,结合我国的深空探测能力,讨论了我国未来在火星探测方面可做的工作以及应该配置的载荷的特性。对相关载荷的参数作了一定的分析。     

高效率平面磁控溅射器的研制

介绍一种新型磁控溅射装置。它采用两块极性相对的环状磁铁的设计方法，通过扩大靶表面的等离子放电区域面积，使传统磁控溅射枪使用中经常受到的两个限制──溅射速率与靶的利用率得到了较大的改善。实验中铜靶在溅射功率密度为11W／cm~2时溅射速率约为800nm／min，如果继续提高功率则可获得更高的速率。而靶的利用率可达64％左右。另外，在认为出射粒子符合cos~nθ分布的前提下，发现当n＝3．3时，实验数据和理论数据符合得较好。     

基于旋转模式的移动设备佩戴位置识别方法

移动设备计算能力和传感能力的发展,使其可以为用户提供多种基于情境信息的服务.移动设备的佩戴位置作为一种重要的情境信息,影响着其他用户活动的识别效果和移动应用的自适应功能.分析得出当移动设备在不同身体部位佩戴时,旋转变化模式不同.提出了一种识别设备随身佩戴位置的方法.该方法使用加速计与陀螺仪两种传感器进行数据融合,计算出旋转半径、角速度幅度和重力加速度并提取特征.在分类时,使用随机森林作为分类器,并与使用支持向量机的方案进行了对比.为了检验其效果,在包含3种佩戴位置和13种用户活动种类的公开数据集上进行了实验.实验结果显示,该方法能够达到平均95.39%的交叉验证准确率;同时表明,在满足旋转占主要成分和重力加速度方向稳定的前提下,使用旋转变化信息和集成分类器有助于提高分类效果.与之前的方法相比,该方法可以更准确地对佩戴位置进行区分,并对新用户与新活动类型情况下的位置识别具备更强的泛化能力.     

Effects of sleeping in a chemical protective mask on sleep quality and cognitive performance

PURPOSE: We wanted to determine whether sleep is disrupted when soldiers sleep in a new chemical protective mask, the M40. Sleep quantity and quality, extent of protection provided by the mask during sleep, and next day performance were assessed. METHOD: After several days of training, 9 male soldiers slept with and without the M40 mask on four occasions. RESULTS: Soldiers were able to tolerate the mask for most or all of the night. However, sleep, as assessed by wrist-worn activity monitors, was significantly disturbed. Minutes (mean +/- SEM) of waking significantly increased, from 25 +/- 2.1 to 86 +/- 8.5 per night (p < 0.001), and number of awakenings rose from 8 +/- 0.6 to 20 +/- 0.9 (p < 0.0001). Soldiers reported that it took longer and was more difficult to fall asleep when wearing the mask. Errors on a choice reaction time task increased significantly and subjects reported greater fatigue and sleepiness the day after sleeping in the mask. Protection provided by the masks varied substantially among subjects and declined over the course of the study. Some soldiers were protected throughout the night but others were only protected intermittently. CONCLUSION: We conclude that sleeping in the chemical protective mask should only be done when necessary, given the adverse effects on sleep and daytime function, as well as the variability of protection, of the mask.     

Correcting temperature-sensitive protein folding defects

Recently, we found that different low molecular weight compounds, all known to stabilize proteins in their native conformation, are effective in correcting the temperature-sensitive protein folding defect associated with the deltaF508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein. Here we examined whether the folding of other proteins which exhibit temperature-sensitive folding defects also could be corrected via a similar strategy. Cell lines expressing temperature-sensitive mutants of the tumor suppressor protein p53, the viral oncogene protein pp60src, or a ubiquitin activating enzyme E1, were incubated at the nonpermissive temperature (39.5 degrees C) in the presence of glycerol, trimethylamine N-oxide or deuterated water. In each case, the cells exhibited phenotypes similar to those observed when the cells were incubated at the permissive temperature (32.5 degrees C), indicative that the particular protein folding defect had been corrected. These observations, coupled with our earlier work and much older studies in yeast and bacteria, indicate that protein stabilizing agents are effective in vivo for correcting protein folding abnormalities. We suggest that this type of approach may prove to be useful for correcting certain protein folding abnormalities associated with human diseases.