Electronic properties of CuO2 planes

We study a 3-band model of CuO₂ with “bare bones” interactions: hopping from copper ions to nearest-neighbor oxygenst _pd only, a two-body interaction on the copper ionsU _dd only, and an overlap copper-oxygen parameter λ_pd. In the limitt _pd ∝U _dd ^1/2→∞, t^*=t _pd ²/2U _dd is the unit of energy with 8λ_pd ² as the only parameter of significance. If the two-body interaction is invariant under particle-hole interchange, the low-lying states (energy O(t^*)) can be described by conserved particles and can all be classified. They are quite distinct from the high-lying states (energies O(U _dd)). The dynamics of the conserved fermion-like elementary particles are well described by a modifiedt-J model with extended hopping and nearest-neighbor superexchange attraction. This is a scenario known to be favorable to high-temperature superconductivity, but it must be noted that both the hopping range and the exchange are functions of 8λ_pd ². Moreover, if the Hamiltonian isnot invariant under particle-hole interchange the dynamics becomes much more complex and possibly more inimical to high-temperature superconductivity. This may provide an explanation for the deleterious effect on superconductivity of very small concentrations of certain impurities.     

The nuclear fuel cycle

In the first half of the 21st century, a redistribution of the energy data should occur, where nuclear will play a more important role, particularly as coal will become more and more costly to extract.On a worldwide basis, the unability of oil to be replaced in some areas like transportation, and the difficulty of developing countries to find substitutes for this energy source, could also lead developed countries to keep the energy resources for a better utilization, and give the countries which have no access to other resources, a possibility to develop.Thus, France has extensively enhanced nuclear energy for its electricity production, and, consequently, makes the necessary efforts for the knowledge of the whole fuel cycle.     

Aging, expertise, and narrative processing.

In a study of how aviation expertise influences age differences in narrative processing, young and older pilots and nonpilots read and recalled aviation and general narratives. They chose referents for sentences referring to a protagonist or minor character mentioned 1 sentence (recent character) or 3 sentences (distant character) before this target sentence. All groups chose referents less accurately for sentences about distant and minor characters than about recent and protagonist characters, perhaps because these referents were less likely to be in working memory. Young readers and pilots were more accurate for distant and minor character target sentences in aviation narratives and recalled aviation narratives more accurately. Expertise did not reduce age differences. Expertise differences may reflect decreased demands on working memory capacity, and age declines may reflect reduced capacity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A systematic transition to flexible manufacturing

The transition from basic automation to flexible manufacturing is an expensive and tedious procedure. It requires meticulous planning and almost clairvoyant forecasting to insure that the initial flexibility obtained is sufficient to allow growth and expansion in the future. This paper will suggest a systematic and methodological approach to achieve optimal flexibility and describe the present results of its application to an ongoing system transformation.

Conclusions based on existing levels of completion are presented along with identification of critical and non critical flexibility requirements. The considerations and steps taken are summarized in a procedural format which may then be applied to a wide variety of system transformations.     

Reducing radiotoxicity in the long run

Stockpiles of spent nuclear fuel and weapons material are growing worldwide. So far, the only long-term strategy seriously considered is geological repository for several hundred thousand years. Transmutation is an option significantly reducing the time during which repositories have to be sealed, simplifying the task of protecting future generations from the radioactive remnants of our civilisation. This paper gives an overview of motives and priorities, and describes the main technique suggested for transmutation of nuclear waste.     

Potential applications of poly(vinyl alcohol)‐congo red aqueous solutions and hydrogels as liquids for hydraulic fracturing

The authors report on the viscoelastic characterization of guar hydrogels obtained through complexation reactions with borax ions. These gels are compared with hydrogels obtained from poly(vinyl alcohol) of different degree of hydrolysis through complexation reactions with congo red. The effect of the degree of hydrolysis and both, the concentration of PVA and the concentration of congo red, on the viscoelastic properties of the hydrogels is analyzed. The potential use of the PVA‐based hydrogels as hydraulic fracturing liquids is discussed in relation to the commonly used fracturing liquid based on the guar–borax system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

The End of Black and White

It's no longer just black hats or white hats in computer security. The more someone has to lose, the less likely they should be to trust the computer. It means that all people, all programs, all transactions are shades of grey. Black and white are just a memory.     

Destillation im Fein- und Hochvakuum

The distillation in the fine and high vacuum range requires not only appropriate vacuum pumps but also special apparatus and machines. The principle and the design of laboratory and industrial plants are explained. New mathematical methods are supporting laboratory and pilot testing required for process development and plant layout. An example was chosen for demonstration purposes.