激光光束质量因子的研究进展

本文详细分析了各种光场下光束质量M2因子。在不同的场中,A.E.Siegman当初所定义的M2因子,已经有了很大的变化,因而M2因子的特性也与当初不同,不仅M2因子可以大于等于1,而且可以小于1,甚至小于0。其反映的物理意义,也从经典场中的衍射极限倍数,变化为非经典场中的准直性量度以及对空间相干性的某些反映。此外还列举并分析了几种特殊的光束质量因子,最后讨论了M2因子应用的问题并指出了其局限性。     

Preparations of nanosized TiO2 in reverse microemulsion and their photocatalytic activity

Nanosized titania sol has been produced by the controlled hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) reverse micelles. The physical properties, such as surface area, crystallite size and crystallinity according to R and W₀ ratio, have been investigated by TEM, XRD, BET, FT–IR, TGA and DTA. In addition, the photocatalytic decomposition of p-nitrophenol has been studied by using a batch reactor in the presence of UV light in order to compare the photocatalytic activity of prepared nanosized titania. It is shown that the anatase structure appears in the 300–600 °C calcination temperature range and the transformation of anatase into rutile starts above 700 °C. The crystallite size increases with increasing R and W₀ ratio but W₀ ratio shows a stronger effect on the crystallite size than R ratio. In the photocatalytic decomposition of p-nitrophenol, the photocatalytic activity is mainly determined by the crystallinity of titania. In addition, the titania calcined at 500 °C shows the highest activity on the photocatalytic decomposition of p-nitrophenol() and the pure anatase structure.     

安全壳钢衬的初始后屈曲分析

基于Ｄｏｎｎｅｌｌ的非线性板壳理论，认为钢衬壳是一种有特殊缺陷形状的钢衬板，用初始后屈曲渐进分析理论，研究了在温度应力作用下缺陷钢衬板即钢衬壳的初始后屈曲性态。计算了一个四点铆固钢衬壳模型，同时给出了铆钉间距等参数对钢衬壳屈曲极值温度的影响。     

桩土物理模型及结构—桩—土相互作用

本文将工程中常用的密集打桩土体模拟为正交各向异性弹性体。建立了刚性基础-桩-土这一空间相互作用系统的模型。根据圆柱体柱坐标的极点条件。分别选取了两组位移函数来表征桩基和土的位移,并用子区间法分析了结构-桩-土系统的相互作用地震反应。     

基于波动方程的聚焦点控制照明叠前深度偏移

 基于波动方程的聚焦点控制照明叠前深度偏移技术借助于差分计算，把速度、密度等介质参数的影响体现在差分计算的矩阵方程中，能够自动适应速度场的任意变化，快速傅里叶变换的使用也加速了波场延拓的计算速度。因此此法兼具有限差分偏移方法和傅里叶偏移方法的优点，既可适应速度场的剧烈变化，又可保证对陡倾地层的成像效果，是目前针对复杂构造最有效的成像方法之一。对于单个聚焦点及其周围的成像步骤为：①采用矩形网格情况下绕射走时的有限差分计算方法生成合成算子；②应用合成算子来合成面炮震源和面波记录；③对合成的面炮震源和面波记录做傅里叶有限差分法波动方程叠前深度偏移，得到该聚焦点及其附近区域的成像结果。按照上述成像步骤，将震源波场和炮集记录依据相应的外推公式进行延拓，最终应用成像条件求取成像值。在地质目标处选取多个聚焦点，可以得到面向目标的控制照明偏移成像，在多个层位上选取多个聚焦点进行控制照明叠前深度偏移，可以得到整块区域的成像。通过对Marmousi模型的试算，取得了较好的效果。     

A real-time planning algorithm for obstacle avoidance of redundant robots

A computationally efficient, obstacle avoidance algorithm for redundant robots is presented in this paper. This algorithm incorporates the neural networks and pseudodistance function D _p in the framework of resolved motion rate control. Thus, it is well suited for real-time implementation. Robot arm kinematic control is carried out by the Hopfield network. The connection weights of the network can be determined from the current value of Jacobian matrix at each sampling time, and joint velocity commands can be generated from the outputs of the network. The obstacle avoidance task is achieved by formulating the performance criterion as D _p>d _min (d _min represents the minimal distance between the redundant robot and obstacles). Its calculation is only related to some vertices which are used to model the robot and obstacles, and the computational times are nearly linear in the total number of vertices. Several simulation cases for a four-link planar manipulator are given to prove that the proposed collision-free trajectory planning scheme is efficient and practical.     

Long-term evaluation of the ventricular defibrillation energy requirement

INTRODUCTION: Defibrillation energy requirements in patients with nonthoracotomy defibrillators may increase within several months after implantation. However, the stability of the defibrillation energy requirement beyond 1 year has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to characterize the defibrillation energy requirement during 2 years of clinical follow-up. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-one consecutive patients with a biphasic nonthoracotomy defibrillation system underwent defibrillation energy requirement testing using a step-down technique (20, 15, 12, 10, 8, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 J) during defibrillator implantation, and then 24 hours, 2 months, 1 year, and 2 years after implantation. The mean defibrillation energy requirement during these evaluations was 10.9+/-5.5 J, 12.3+/-7.3 J, 11.7+/-5.6 J, 10.2+/-4.0 J, and 11.7+/-7.4 J, respectively (P = 0.4). The defibrillation energy requirement was noted to have increased by 10 J or more after 2 years of follow-up in five patients. In one of these patients, the defibrillation energy requirement was no longer associated with an adequate safety margin, necessitating revision of the defibrillation system. There were no identifiable clinical characteristics that distinguished patients who did and did not develop a 10-J or more increase in the defibrillation energy requirement. CONCLUSION: The mean defibrillation energy requirement does not change significantly after 2 years of biphasic nonthoracotomy defibrillator system implantation. However, approximately 15% of patients develop a 10-J or greater elevation in the defibrillation energy requirement, and 3% may require a defibrillation system revision. Therefore, a yearly evaluation of the defibrillation energy requirement may be appropriate.     

四氧化三锰的制备方法

本文对用各种锰原料制备四氧化三锰的方法进行综合评述     

基于EPICENTRE的海洋钻探数据库构建方法研究

随着海洋在经济发展中的地位日益突出,海洋地质调查越来越重要,如何合理地管理使用海洋地质调查数据成为研究热点.文中以海洋钻探为例,采用面向对象的技术方法,提出了基于EPICENTRE数据模型的海洋钻探数据库构建方法,实现了海洋钻探业务与EPICENTRE数据模型的关联.该方法得到的海洋钻探数据库是面向业务的,与传统的关系数据库相比具有良好的可扩展性,稳定性以及关联性等优点.文中重点对业务模型与逻辑模型的关联技术进行了介绍.