Design and behaviour of a reinforced concrete high‐rise tube building with belt walls

This paper discusses modelling, analysis and design issues for a 55‐storey hotel building recently planned for New York City, USA. The lateral force resistance of the investigated building primarily makes use of exterior reinforced concrete shear walls in one direction and exterior reinforced concrete moment frames in the other direction, in which tube action credited to the connection of the walls and frames was designed to play a significant role in the lateral stiffness and strength. In addition, a full‐storey belt wall system, enclosing the entire perimeter of the building at approximately the mid‐height, is expected to provide a considerable contribution to the lateral force resistance. In this paper, the contribution of tube action and the belt wall system to structural behaviour is investigated in terms of quantitative measures such as lateral drift, building dynamic properties and flange frame contribution to overturning moment resistance. In addition, axial force distribution among the various vertical members under lateral forces is discussed for each of the two principal building directions. Finally, the seismic behaviour of the investigated building is qualitatively discussed in order to propose a seismic force‐resisting system classification into which this concrete tube system would fit. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evidence for alternative exhaled elimination profiles of disinfection by-products and potential markers of airway responses to swimming in a chlorinated pool environment

Chlorine-based disinfectants protect pool water from pathogen contamination but produce potentially harmful halogenated disinfection by-products (DBPs). This study characterized the bioaccumulation and elimination of exhaled DBPs post-swimming and investigated changes in exhaled breath profiles associated with chlorinated pool exposure. Nineteen participants provided alveolar-enriched breath samples prior to and 5, 90, 300, 510, and 600 minutes post-swimming. Known DBPs associated with chlorinated water were quantitated by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Two distinct exhaled DBP elimination profiles were observed. Most participants (84%) reported peak concentrations immediately post-swimming that reduced exponentially. A sub-group exhibited a previously unobserved and delayed washout profile with peak levels at 90 minutes post-exposure. Metabolomic investigations tentatively identified two candidate biomarkers associated with swimming pool exposure, demonstrating an upregulation in the hours after exposure. These data demonstrated a hitherto undescribed exhaled DBP elimination profile in a small number of participants which contrasts previous findings of uniform accumulation and exponential elimination. This sub-group which exhibited delayed peak-exhaled concentrations suggests the uptake, processing, and immediate elimination of DBPs are not ubiquitous across individuals as previously understood. Additionally, non-targeted metabolomics highlighted extended buildup of compounds tentatively associated with swimming in a chlorinated pool environment that may indicate airway responses to DBP exposure.     

我国蒸气压缩式空调机专利技术的发展现状与分析

对2000—2006年在我国申请以及授权的关于蒸气压缩式空调机四个主要部件——压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器、膨胀阀的发明及实用新型专利的数据进行了检索及统计,分析了近年来我国在这一领域的发展水平,间接反映出不同地区及行业不同单位的科研能力。     

大尺寸硅片自旋转磨削的试验研究

利用基于自旋转磨削原理的硅片超精密磨床,通过试验研究了砂轮粒度、砂轮转速、工件转速及砂轮进给速度等主要因素对材料去除率、砂轮主轴电机电流以及磨削后硅片表面粗糙度的影响关系。研究结果表明,增大砂轮轴向进给速度和减小工件转速,采用粗粒度砂轮有利于提高磨削硅片的材料去除率,砂轮轴向进给速度对材料去除率的影响最为显著;适当增大砂轮转速,减小砂轮轴向进给速度,采用细粒度砂轮可以减小磨削表面粗糙度;在其它条件一定的情况下,砂轮速度超过一定值会导致材料去除率减小,主轴电机电流急剧增大,表面粗糙度变差;采用比#2000粒度更细的砂轮磨削时,材料去除率减小,硅片表面粗糙度没有明显改善。     

电镀金刚石砂轮精密修磨天线罩内廓型的工艺参数研究

由熔融石英材料制造的天线罩属于典型的复杂曲面硬脆材料工件：其内廓型精加工的加工精度要求很高，只能通过专用设备采用电镀金刚石砂轮进行干磨削。本文通过实验，研究了在天线罩CNC修磨机床上磨削天线罩内廓型的工艺参数，确定了磨削加工时的砂轮进给量和工件转速的合理范围，并据此进行了磨削实验验证、结果表明用60#电镀金刚石砂轮转速为10800r／m时，当取进给量，≤0．03mm，工件速度vm≤1mm／s情况下．加工精度和表面质量最好，可以满足天线罩内廓型的精加工要求。     

旋风分离器设计方法的研究

在理论研究和设计实践的基础上,运用Kalen及Zenz"跳跃速度"的概念,导出旋风分离器的设计方法,简洁实用,可为工业应用提供指导作用.     

内部连接的球形多孔羟基磷灰石支架的制备

采用高分子模板,通过注浆成型制备了球形孔结构的羟基磷灰石(hroxyapatite,HA)支架,研究了支架的微观结构、压缩强度和相容性.结果表明:改变工艺参数可以控制高分子模板中球体间胶黏面的大小,控制所制备的HA多孔体孔内连接的尺寸.制备的支架具有开口、均匀而内部连通的多孔结构,当孔径为200μm、孔隙率为65%时,压缩强度可达8MPa左右.体外生物模拟实验表明:多孔结构HA支架有很好的相容性.随多孔球体孔隙率和尺寸的增加,支架的细胞吸收率逐步增加.     

污泥形态变化对膜生物反应器处理性能及膜污染的影响

通过对膜生物反应器(MBR)系统中污泥颗粒变化和处理模拟废水水质的监测,考察了污泥形态变化对MBR处理性能和膜污染的影响。结果表明:MBR中颗粒有保持均匀分布并缓慢减小的趋势,颗粒大小对COD去除有一定影响,对氮磷的去除影响甚微,但是会加速膜污染。     

复合型调湿涂料的研制及实验研究

将硅藻土做成乳胶型涂料，并得到了不同湿度下这种涂料的吸放湿性能曲线，但是吸放湿能力不是很理想。为了提高涂料的吸放湿能力，在基料中加入无机成膜物质制成硅藻土复合涂料，结果表明，通过复合，最大吸湿能力从6．5％提高到11％，最大放湿能力从5％提高到10％，并且确定了无机成膜物质的比例。复合涂料符合建筑涂料的常规性能要求，在调节湿度的同时克服了传统空调能耗高的缺点，具有很好的应用前景。     

焊接钢管称重测长系统的研发

为了提高焊接钢管称重测长的精度,通过对现有几种称重测长系统的介绍和比较,找出其存在的不足,结合生产实际设计出1套结构简单,操作方便,测量精度和重复精度高的称重测长系统。介绍了该系统的组成、工作原理及应用效果等。