Liquid nitrogen as a powerplant fire extinguishant

Though liquid nitrogen may be a somewhat less efficient fire extinguishant than certain other agents, its presence in quatities sufficient to inert aircraft fuel tanks may justify its use for protecting aircraft powerplants. The author reports the results of preliminary tests conducted by the FAA. National Aviation Facilities Experimental Center Federal Aviation Administration Department of Transportation Note: The author presented this paper at the 73rd Annual Meeting of the National Fire Protection Association in New York City on May 13, 1969.     

Increased identification of peptides by enhanced data processing of high-resolution MALDI TOF/TOF mass spectra prior to database searching

This paper presents application of sequential enhanced data processing procedures to high-resolution tandem mass spectra for identification of peptides using the Mascot database search algorithm. A strategy for (1) selection of fragment ion peaks from MS/MS spectra, (2) utilization of improved mass accuracy of the precursor ions, and (3) wavelet denoising of the mass spectra prior to fragment ion selection have been developed. The number of peptide identifications obtained using the enhanced processing was then compared with that obtained using software provided by the instrument manufacturer. Approximately 9000 MS/MS spectra acquired by the Applied Biosystems 4700 TOF/TOF MS instrument were used as a model data set. After application of the new processing, an increase of 33% unique peptides and 22% protein identifications with at least two unique peptides were found. The influence of the processing on the percentage of false positives, estimated by searching against a randomized database, was estimated to increase false positive identifications from 2.7 to 3.9%, which was still below the 5% error rate specified in the Mascot search. These data processing approaches increase the amount of information that can be extracted from LC-MS analysis without the necessity of additional experiments.     

Relational learning of a size concept.

Administered relational size problems in the context of ordinal series to 72 4-5 yr olds. Solution was facilitated when Ss were directed to locate a terminal member (the smallest) of the series. In contrast, Ss who were instructed to locate a nonterminal member without prior designation of a terminal member were unable to achieve solution of the problem. Age- and sex-related differences in performance were observed as well as differences associated with stimulus arrangements and stimulus sizes. The outcomes are discussed in terms of composite task demands. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A Comparison of Dissolution from Commercial Tablets and from Capsules Containing a Powdered Tablet

In clinical trials it may be necessary to convert a commercial tablet to a capsule so that the identity of each drug being tested remains unknown until the trial is completed. This study shows that for six commercial tablets, after pulverization and encapsulation of the powder, the in vitro dissolution was faster for one product, slower for two products and essentially unchanged for three products.     

A statistical model for identifying proteins by tandem mass spectrometry

A statistical model is presented for computing probabilities that proteins are present in a sample on the basis of peptides assigned to tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra acquired from a proteolytic digest of the sample. Peptides that correspond to more than a single protein in the sequence database are apportioned among all corresponding proteins, and a minimal protein list sufficient to account for the observed peptide assignments is derived using the expectation-maximization algorithm. Using peptide assignments to spectra generated from a sample of 18 purified proteins, as well as complex H. influenzae and Halobacterium samples, the model is shown to produce probabilities that are accurate and have high power to discriminate correct from incorrect protein identifications. This method allows filtering of large-scale proteomics data sets with predictable sensitivity and false positive identification error rates. Fast, consistent, and transparent, it provides a standard for publishing large-scale protein identification data sets in the literature and for comparing the results obtained from different experiments.     

Alternative images of the citizen: Implications for public policy.

Argues that in attempting to understand socially significant political issues and problems, political scientists and other policy makers have made heavy use of psychological models of the citizen. It is argued that instead of drawing such models from psychology, their efforts have utilized the psychological models of the citizen suggested by economic theory. As a result, the potential effects of citizens' concerns with distributive and procedural fairness—factors typically excluded from economic theories—have been ignored in studying citizens' political evaluations and behaviors. Evidence is given to show (1) that political evaluations and behaviors are influenced by justice-based concerns and (2) the need to broaden the image of the psychology of the citizen to include the influence of citizens' concerns about fairness. (93 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)