Algorithm for blinds control based on the optimization of blind tilt angle using a genetic algorithm and fuzzy logic

This paper presents the calculation of the power of solar rays that pass through the window of an observed room and their impact on warming up and lighting of the room. The calculations were performed using a mathematical model that takes into account the geographical position of the object, time zone, orientation of windows, day of the year, and current time. This paper also includes the calculation of geometry of the solar radiation and its intensity, artificial light and cooling/heating demands. Based on data from above, the optimization of blind tilt angle was performed to achieve the best possible brightness of the room and energy savings when heating or cooling, depending on ambient temperature. Optimization was performed using a genetic algorithm and fuzzy logic. After an analysis of the results obtained from optimization of the blind tilt angle, an algorithm for blinds control was developed in order to achieve energy savings and comfort in the observed room. Based on the derived conclusions, an UML diagram was made that describes the algorithm for determining optimal blind tilt angle.     

Determination of Heat of Adsorption on Clean Solid Surfaces

One of the basic parameters characterizing the bond between a chemisorbed atom (or molecule) and the surface is its dissociation energy. It is difficult, however, to determine the bond energy and therefore it becomes necessary to turn to some other quantity, which is sufficiently close to the bond energy and which can be determined without much difficulty. Such a quantity is the heat of adsorption. Heat of adsorption is defined as the difference between the total energy of the adsorption system prior to and after the adsorption process, i.e., it equals the sum of all energy changes connected with adsorption. Thus the experimentally determined value for the heat of adsorption is obviously closely related to the bond energy of the chemisorbed particle, though this relation is not quite simple [1,2].     

SEMICONTINUOUS EMULSION COPOLYMERIZATION OF BUTYL ACRYLATE-STYRENE†

Butylacrylate (BA)-Styrene (St) copolymers have been synthesized via a semicontinuous emulsion process in which the monomers feeding rate and weight ratios (BA/St) were varied. The feed consisted of only pure monomers which were added to an aqueous solution that contained the emulsifier and initiator

The experimental results show that monomer consumption is governed by the feeding rate as well as by the monomer's reactivity, The average molecular weight decreased as the feeding rate increased independent of the BA/St ratio

Measurement of the latex average particle size and particle number, as a function of the reaction time. showed a complex sequence of particle formation and agglomeration. In general, the average particle diameter increased in direct proportion to the feeding rate. This fact suggests that most probably homogeneous nucleation is preferred over monomer diffusion to the previously formed particles. Additionally, the monomer reactivity ratios (r ₁, r ₂) decreased as the monomer feeding rate was increased

The experimental copolymer compositions determined by gas chromatography and NMR-H⁺ showed that the resulting copolymers were closely homogeneous.     

Interactions of polarons in poly(3-dodecythiophene) at low temperature

Zero-field cooled-field-cooled (ZFC-FC) technique was used to investigate the effect of low temperature (4.6 K) on the interactions of polarons in weakly FeCl₃-doped poly(3-dodecylthiophene (PDDT). It was found that the magnetic properties of the system changed with the length of time system spent at low temperature: the Currie–Weiss paramagnetism gradually changed over to “antiferromagnetism” and ultimately to diamagnetism. This effect is connected with the thermochromic properties of self-organized PDDT in primary (10–15 nm) or secondary (30–50 nm) induced aggregates, in which cooling under the glass transition temperature T_g (～240 K) causes extension of the effective conjugation length of coplanar polymer chains. Changes in magnetic properties are related to the inter- and intra-chain interactions of polaron states within both the primary and secondary induced aggregates.     

A new methodology to improve interpretability in neuro-fuzzy TSK models

The present paper puts forward a methodology which allows increasing interpretability of TSK models identified by means of neuro-fuzzy techniques, although it shall also be applicable to models identified through other hybrid or different techniques. With this purpose, this paper puts forward a method which allows oriented adjustment of the rules’ precedent and consequent parameters in TSK models. The methodology extends the adaptive phase with an adjustment phase (or fine tuning phase) based on overlap ratio and overlap area, where the gradient descendent algorithm is used to adjust precisely the adapted parameters in the fuzzy model. The adjustment based on the overlap ratio is applied to the parameters defining the rules’ precedent and consequent parts. The overlap area becomes a more precise tuning of parameters of precedent part of rules. After the adaptation of the neuro-fuzzy model by means of the developed methodology, the model acquires a clear physical meaning enabling its immediate linguistic interpretation. Finally, some examples are given to prove the validity of the developed methodology.     

New Anacardic Acid‐Inspired Benzamides: Histone Lysine Acetyltransferase Activators

A series of N‐(4‐cyano‐3‐trifluoromethyl‐phenyl)‐2‐ethoxy‐6‐alkyl (and alkenyl) benzamides related to the anacardic acid derivative CTPB have been prepared from 2,6‐dihydroxybenzoic acid with a Suzuki coupling and addition of the anion of 4‐cyano‐3‐trifluoromethylphenylamine to a benzodioxinone as the key steps. In U937 cells, these analogues, in particular 7 c , 7 d , 7 f and 7 j , induced cell‐cycle arrest in the G1 phase, caused apoptosis in about 20 % of the cells, and increased the acetylation levels of H3. These activities correlate with the enzymatic activation of histone lysine acetyltransferases (KATs): CBP and PCAF.     

Hydrogen-induced microstructural changes of Pd films

The development of the microstructure in nanocrystalline, polycrystalline and epitaxial Pd films loaded with hydrogen is investigated. Structural changes in Pd films loaded with hydrogen were characterized by positron annihilation spectroscopy combined with electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. It was found that hydrogen charging causes plastic deformation which leads to an increase of the defect density in all Pd films studied. Moreover, the formation of buckles was observed in nanocrystalline and polycrystalline Pd films loaded above a certain critical hydrogen concentration. Buckling leads to detachment of the film from the substrate and this is accompanied with in-plane stress relaxation and plastic deformation of the film.