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91.
92.
M M TASHIMA L SORIANO M V BORRACHERO J MONZÓ J PAYÁ 《Bulletin of Materials Science》2013,36(2):245-249
The aim of this paper is to study the influence of curing time on the microstructure and mechanical strength development of alkali activated binders based on vitreous calcium aluminosilicate (VCAS). Mechanical strength of alkali activated mortars cured at 65 °C was assessed for different curing times (4–168 h) using 10 molal NaOH solution as alkaline activator. Compressive strength values around 77 MPa after three days of curing at 65 °C were obtained. 1·68 MPa/h compressive strength gain rate was observed in the first 12 h, decreasing to 0·95 MPa/h for the period of 12–72 h. The progress of geopolymeric reaction was monitored by means of TGA and, electrical conductivity and pH measurements in an aqueous suspension. Significant decrease in pH and electrical conductivity were observed in the 4–72 h period, demonstrating the geopolymerization process. Furthermore, SEM images showed an important amount of (N, C)ASH gel and low porosity of the developed matrix. 相似文献
93.
Adéla Grégrová Eva Neradová Vojtěch Kružík Jiří Mazáč Pavel Havelec Helena Čížková 《European Food Research and Technology》2014,239(1):169-174
Possible adulteration of canned products containing spirit vinegar pickle by adding synthetic acetic acid is a significant problem of the food industry. Isotope analyses, which determine botanical origin of acetic acid and also can detect synthetic acid, were applied to detect undeclared addition of synthetic acetic acid to canned products. The aim of the study was to improve the extraction technique for the SNIF-NMR (2H/1H; site-specific natural isotopic fractionation-nuclear magnetic resonance) and IRMS (13C/12C; isotope ratio mass spectrometry) isotope methods and for an atypical matrix and to determine isotope ratios in canned vegetables pickle to prove their adulteration or authenticity. The following set of canned products was analysed: pickled cucumbers (n = 16) and one vinegar pickle purchased in the Czech market and six model (cucumber) pickles. The determined ratios of 2H/1H and 13C/12C for the pickled cucumbers proved to be authentic ranged from 89.4 to 107.0 ppm and from ?28.7 to ?15.6 ‰, respectively; for the synthetic acetic acids diluted with water they ranged from 114.2 to 129.0 ppm and from ?44.9 to ?33.4 ‰, respectively. Isotope analyses were confirmed as a reliable tool for assessing authenticity of canned products. The method enables detection of synthetic acetic acid addition into vinegars and canned vegetables containing vinegar pickle up from 20 % (of total acidity). 相似文献
94.
Anolda Četkauskaitė Aurelijus Zimkus Jezi Borovik 《The International journal of environmental studies》2013,70(3):259-260
Pesticide toxicity databases usually include data on pure chemicals (active ingredients). Technical pesticides formulations, however, are mixtures with adjuvants as applied to fields/crops. Two formulations of the same pesticide can differ in their environmental fate and their toxicity. This work presents the evaluation of the toxicity of the dinitroaniline herbicide, pendimethalin by simultaneous analysis of its respiration rate and generation of a membrane potential (Δ Ψ) in rat liver mitochondria. Chromatography grade pendimethalin (8.2·10?5 ‐ 5.47·10?4 M or 23 – 154 ppm) caused lower enhancement of the mitochondrial respiration and decrease of the Δ Ψ than technical grade pendimethalin (Stomp), i.e. the mixture of pure ingredient and adjuvant(s). These effects are comparable to those of 2,4‐dinitrophenol. Pure and technical grade pendimethalin acts as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria (enhances respiration and diminishes Δ Ψ). These data conflict with the statement, presented in the US EPA manual Recognition and Management of Pesticides Poisonings, that pendimethalin does not act as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. 相似文献
95.
Francisco Carvajal-Ramos Alejandro González-Álvarez J. Roger Vega-Acosta Donato Valdez-Pérez Víctor Vladimir Amilcar Fernández Escamilla Emma Rebeca Macías Balleza J. Félix Armando Soltero Martínez 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2011,14(2):269-279
The temperature–composition phase diagram in the diluted region of the cationic surfactant cetyldimethylbenzylammonium salicylate/water
system was studied with a battery of techniques. The Krafft temperature (T
k = 33 ± 1 °C) was measured by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing microscopy, conductimetry, viscosimetry, and rheometry.
The critical vesicle concentration (cvc, ~0.002 wt%) and a vesicle–micellar transition (cvm, ~0.005 wt%) was detected at a
temperature of 35 °C. Below T
k and concentrations ≤2 wt%, a transparent solution is formed (I). Above 2–8.5 wt%, a lamellar (L1) phase forms. At higher concentrations and up to 12 wt%, a second lamellar phase (L2) is detected. From 12.4 to 15.5 wt%, an emulsion phase (E) is formed. Rheological dynamic measurements for the I phase indicate
that the system exhibits a predominantly viscous behavior (G′ < G″) for concentrations lower than the overlap or entanglement concentration (C
e, ~0.75 wt%). At higher concentrations, wormlike micelles form and the elastic behavior predominates (G′ > G″). The elastic (G′) modulus collapses in a concentration–time master curve in the whole reduced frequencies range ωτ
c examined, whereas the viscous modulus (G″) collapses only at reduced frequencies lower than 0.1. Reduced stress plotted as a function of the reduced shear rate yields
a good superposition of the curves at the different concentrations up to the onset of the non-linear behavior. 相似文献
96.
Zbyšek Pavlík Anton Trník Martin Keppert Milena Pavlíková Jaromír Žumár Robert Černý 《International Journal of Thermophysics》2014,35(3-4):767-782
Experimental analysis of a wide range of properties of a lightweight plaster which should enhance the heat-storage capacity of building envelopes is presented. The basic physical characteristics, namely, the bulk density, matrix density, total open porosity, and pore-size distribution are measured at first. Then, the compressive strength is determined for an assessment of mechanical performance of the plaster. The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity are studied using an impulse technique. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements are performed as well, in order to identify the temperature range and latent heat of the phase change and to determine the specific heat capacity as a function of temperature. Durability properties are assessed using the measurement of the water absorption coefficient and sorption and desorption isotherms. The experimental results indicate a good capability of the designed plaster to moderate effectively the interior climate of buildings. 相似文献
97.
Agustín Martínez-Ruvalcaba Fausto Becerra-Bracamontes Juan C. Sánchez-Díaz Alejandro González-Álvarez 《Polymer Bulletin》2009,62(4):539-548
This work presents the synthesis of polyacrylamide-gelatin (PAM-G) semi-interpenetrating hydrogels, as well as the study of
the swelling capacity of this material at different pH’s, and we report its Young modulus. The hydrogels were crosslinked
with N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide and synthesized at different acrylamide/gelatin weight relationship. It was observed that the swelling
capacity of the hydrogels increases when the gelatin concentration is increased; while the Young modulus (at the swelling
equilibrium) decreases lightly. Therefore, the gelatin has a small effect in the Young modulus, unlike its influence in the
swelling ability. The swelling experiments reveal that the PAM-G hydrogels increase its swelling capacity in alkaline mediums
because the presence of the hydrophobic functional groups (mainly COO−) in the gelatin structure. 相似文献
98.
Ákos Zarándy Csaba Rekeczky 《International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications》2011,39(10):983-1005
Topographic and non‐topographic image processing architectures and chips, developed within the CNN community recently, are analyzed and compared. It is achieved on a way that the 2D operators are collected to classes according to their implementation methods on the different architectures, and the main implementation parameters of the different operator classes are compared. Based on the results, an efficient architecture selection methodology is formalized. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
99.
Ángeles Guinda Mirela Rada Mohamed Benaissa Ibtissam Ourrach José Antonio Cayuela 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2015,92(8):1143-1151
The suitability of using visible/near infrared spectroscopy (Vis/NIR), as a rapid and non‐destructive technique for monitoring the quality of argan seeds (Argania spinosa Skeels) was studied. The analyzed parameters were the fatty acid composition of argan seed oil, seed moisture content, seed oil content and oil stability index (OSI). The ratio between major unsaturated and saturated fatty acids (U/S) during the oxidation assay at constant temperature was studied. Values from infrared drying were used as a laboratory reference for the moisture. Argan seed oil content was determined by Soxhlet extraction. A fatty acid analysis was carried out by gas chromatography and the OSI was determined by the Rancimat test. Predictive models of argan seed moisture, ratio U/S and OSI showed good accuracy. Therefore, Vis/NIR measurements can be used for controlling several argan seed quality parameters. This procedure might be of interest to the argan oil industry, which is currently in the process of modernization and expansion. 相似文献