Nucleus and cytoplast contour detector from a cervical smear image

In this paper, a nucleus and cytoplast contour detector (NCC detector) is presented to automatically detect the cytoplast and nucleus contours of a cell in a cervical smear image. The NCC detector uses the adaptable threshold decision (ATD) method to separate the cell from the cervical smear image, and then uses the maximal gray-level-gradient-difference (MGLGD) method, proposed in this paper, to extract the nucleus from the cell. The experimental results show that the NCC detector is superior to two existing methods, the gradient vector flow-active contour model (GVF-ACM) and the edge enhancement nucleus and cytoplast contour (ENNCC) detector, in segmenting the cytoplast and nucleus of a cell.     

Dynamics of a microchain of superparamagnetic beads in an oscillating field

The dynamics of microchains containing superparamagnetic particles in an oscillating field are studied experimentally. The chains are first formed by a static directional field, and then manipulated by an additional dynamical perpendicular field. The present methodology represents a simple reversible chaining process, whose particles can be re-dispersed after removal of the field. The motion of superparamagnetic chains is dominated by magnetic torque and induced hydrodynamic drag. The effects of key parameters, such as field strengths and the lengths of particle chains, are thoroughly analyzed. Distinct behaviors, from rigid body oscillations and bending distortions to rupture failures, are observed by increasing the amplitudes of oscillating fields or chains’ lengths. Because of lower induced drag, a shorter chain follows the field trajectory closely and oscillates more synchronically with the external field. On the other hand, the influences of field strengths are not consistent. Even the overall oscillating phase trajectory in a stronger external field deviates less significantly from the corresponding field trajectory, a stronger dynamical component of the external field results in larger phase angle lags at certain points. The experimental results confirm the criterion of ruptures can be effectively determined by the value of (N*Mn ^1/2), where Mn is the Mason number defined as the ratio of induced drag to dipolar attraction, and N represents the number of particles contained in a chain.     

Characteristics of hemicelluloses obtained from sweet sorghum based on successive extractions

Hemicelluloses were successively extracted from sweet sorghum by hot water, dioxane, DMSO, and different concentrations of NaOH between 0.5% and 6.0%. The yields of the seven fractions together accounted for 88.6% of the original hemicelluloses. The obtained hemicellulosic subfractions were comprehensively investigated by both destructive methods such as alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation and acid hydrolysis and nondestructive techniques such as gel permeation chromatography, Fourier‐transform infrared, ¹³C‐nuclear magnetic resonance, and 2D‐heteronuclear singular quantum correlation. Sugar composition studies showed that the water‐soluble polysaccharides consisted mainly of glucose, while xylose, arabinose, and glucuronic acid were the major sugars in other hemicellulosic fractions. It was found that the hemicelluloses from sweet sorghum were l‐ arabino‐(4‐O‐methyl‐d‐ glucurono)‐xylans. Comparison with the hemicellulosic fractions dissolved by the alkali treatment, the hemicellulosic fraction extracted by DMSO had lower molecular weight. In addition, it was also found that the hemicelluloses prepared by dioxane and DMSO were more branched since that they had higher nonxylose/xylose ratios than those extracted by the alkali treatment, which were more linear and contained higher amounts xylose. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42790.     

A MATLAB code for the material-field series-expansion topology optimization method

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering - This paper presents a MATLAB implementation of the material-field series-expansion (MFSE) topology optimization method. The MFSE method uses a bounded material...     

一种弹性足式机器人腿部结构设计与分析

针对足式机器人在实现奔跑、跳跃等极限运动时,腿部会受到地面较大反向冲击力的问题,使用仿生学方法以猫科动物腿部骨骼肌系统为仿生对象,通过引入变刚度弹性杆件对闭链连杆机构进行优化设计,设计一种结构简单、能够有效储存地面反向冲击力并将其转化为运动时动能的足式机器人腿部机构;建立数学模型,对变刚度弹性元件进行定量分析,并采用矢量回路法对连杆机构进行运动学分析;建立优化前后两种单腿机构的虚拟样机,使用MATLAB软件设计控制系统,并应用ADAMS对虚拟样机进行行走、跳跃仿真,对优化前后两种腿部机构进行对比实验;在此基础上搭建实物样机,并进行实验验证。实验结果表明:所提出的足式机器人腿部结构具备可实现性,能够将来自地面的冲击力转化为运动的动能,提升足式机器人的跳跃高度。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Property Correlation of Mg-Si Alloys

Silicon - The present work aims at understanding the microstructure and mechanical property correlation of hypo (Mg-0.5, 0.7, 1.15 wt% Si) and hyper (Mg-2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wt% Si) eutectic binary...     

进气系统阻力对柴油机性能影响的试验研究

通过发动机台架试验,研究进气系统阻力对柴油机性能的影响。得到D9-220柴油机进气系统和空滤器的最大阻力限值,为进气管路的设计和空滤器的选择提供了依据。     

纸基微流控芯片刻蚀法条件优化及其在沙门氏菌检测中的应用

：目的 优化纸基微流控芯片刻蚀法制备条件,并研究改性滤纸的微观结构和性能。方法 制作压切式模具,结合模切机压切出亲水基底模型,考察硅烷化修饰时间、不同型号滤纸、三甲氧基硅烷溶液浓度、不同类型表面活性剂及其浓度和刻蚀时间对纸基微流控芯片的影响,通过滤纸接触角变化、扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope,SEM）和X射线能谱仪（energy dispersive X-ray,EDS）分析纸基微流控芯片改性前后的表面微观结构和元素变化,再将纸基微流控芯片用于沙门氏菌检测比色分析。结果 选用Whatman No.1滤纸作为最佳疏水基底,三甲氧基硅烷溶液最适浓度为8%,浸泡时间为3 min,十二烷基硫酸钠（sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS）溶液为亲水通路最佳的表面活性剂,最适浓度为1%,最佳刻蚀时间为4 min;SEM显示了滤纸改性后其表面生成一种膜状结构;EDS元素分析结果表明疏水剂处理滤纸Si含量达到0.87%,亲水化处理后Si含量降为0.25%,刻蚀效果显著,比色法检测沙门氏菌获得了良好的线性关系。结论 得到了刻蚀法制备的纸基微流控芯片的最优条件,并成功应用于比色法检测沙门氏菌,研究将为其微量化、低成本、便捷化的应用提供技术和理论依据。     

食品中细菌耐热性毒素研究进展

在100 ℃高温下,短时间内不能被分解破坏的细菌毒素,通常认为其具有耐热性。由于细菌耐热性毒素具有一定的热稳定性,即使菌体被杀灭,也会有部分毒素未失活,对食品安全造成巨大的危害。本文综述食品中细菌耐热性毒素的产生及影响因素,系统分析其致病性和作用机制,并在减少或避免此类毒素对人体健康威胁方面提出建议,以期为食品安全风险评估提供理论依据,为临床治疗提供新思路。     

硼酸铝晶须的应用与制备

无机材料在国民经济和国防建设中均占有重要地位，其中硼酸铝晶须作为一种新型的无机应用材料，由于其具有许多的特殊功能，而且相对廉价，近年来受到了人们的广泛关注。就硼酸铝晶须的组成、物化性能及主要用途作了简单介绍，并主要介绍了生产硼酸铝晶须两种主要方法——助熔法和水热法。指出与发达国家相比，中国在这方面的研究工作还有很大差距，今后如能大力开展制备和应用方面的研究，中国的许多工程材料的性能将得到极大的提高。