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71.
In high-stakes selection among candidates with considerable domain-specific knowledge and experience, investigations of whether high-fidelity simulations (assessment centers; ACs) have incremental validity over low-fidelity simulations (situational judgment tests; SJTs) are lacking. Therefore, this article integrates research on the validity of knowledge tests, low-fidelity simulations, and high-fidelity simulations in advanced-level high-stakes settings. A model and hypotheses of how these 3 predictors work in combination to predict job performance were developed. In a sample of 196 applicants, all 3 predictors were significantly related to job performance. Both the SJT and the AC had incremental validity over the knowledge test. Moreover, the AC had incremental validity over the SJT. Model tests showed that the SJT fully mediated the effects of declarative knowledge on job performance, whereas the AC partially mediated the effects of the SJT. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
72.
Fiona H. Scholes Tino Ehlig Michael James Kwan H. Lee Noel Duffy Andrew D. Scully T. Birenda Singh Kevin N. Winzenberg Pete Kemppinen Scott E. Watkins 《Advanced functional materials》2013,23(45):5655-5662
A comprehensive study of the effect of intraphase microstructure on organic photovoltaic (OPV) device performance is undertaken. Utilizing a bilayer device architecture, a small molecule donor (TIPS‐DBC) is deposited by both spin‐coating and by thermal evaporation in vacuum. The devices are then completed by thermal evaporation of C60, an exciton blocking layer and the cathode. This bilayer approach enables a direct comparison of device performance for donor layers in which the same material exhibits subtle differences in microstructure. The electrical performance is shown to differ considerably for the two devices. The bulk and interfacial properties of the donor layers are compared by examination with photoelectron spectroscopy in air (PESA), optical absorption spectroscopy, charge extraction of photo‐generated charge carriers by linearly increasing voltage (photo‐CELIV), time‐resolved photoluminescence measurements, X‐ray reflectometry (XR), and analysis of dark current behavior. The observed differences in device performance are shown to be influenced by changes to energy levels and charge transport properties resulting from differences in the microstructure of the donor layers. Importantly, this work demonstrates that in addition to the donor/acceptor microstructure, the intraphase microstructure can influence critical parameters and can therefore have a significant impact on OPV performance. 相似文献
73.
We have studied two kinds of solder reactions between eutectic SnPb and Cu. The first is wetting reaction above the melting
point of the solder, and the second is solid state aging below the melting point of the solder. In wetting reaction, the intermetallic
compound (IMC) formation has a scallop-type morphology. There are channels between the scallops. In solid state aging, the
IMC formation has a layer-type morphology. There are no channels but grain boundaries between the IMC grains. Why scallops
are stable in wetting reactions has been an unanswered question of fundamental interest. We have confirmed that the scallop-type
morphology is stable in wetting reaction by re-wetting the layer-type IMC by molten eutectic SnPb solder. In less than 1 min,
a layer-type Cu6Sn5 is transformed back to scallops by the molten solder at 200 C. In analyzing these reactions, we conclude that the scallop-type
morphology is thermodynamically stable in wetting reaction, but the layer-type morphology is thermodynamically stable in solid
state aging, due to minimization of interfacial and grain boundary energies. 相似文献
74.
A lead isotopic study of the human bioaccessibility of lead in urban soils from Glasgow, Scotland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Farmer JG Broadway A Cave MR Wragg J Fordyce FM Graham MC Ngwenya BT Bewley RJ 《The Science of the total environment》2011,409(23):4958-4965
The human bioaccessibility of lead (Pb) in Pb-contaminated soils from the Glasgow area was determined by the Unified Bioaccessibility Research Group of Europe (BARGE) Method (UBM), an in vitro physiologically based extraction scheme that mimics the chemical environment of the human gastrointestinal system and contains both stomach and intestine compartments. For 27 soils ranging in total Pb concentration from 126 to 2160 mg kg− 1 (median 539 mg kg− 1), bioaccessibility as determined by the ‘stomach’ simulation (pH ~ 1.5) was 46-1580 mg kg− 1, equivalent to 23-77% (mean 52%) of soil total Pb concentration. The corresponding bioaccessibility data for the ‘stomach + intestine’ simulation (pH ~ 6.3) were 6-623 mg kg− 1 and 2-42% (mean 22%) of soil Pb concentration. The soil 206Pb/207Pb ratios ranged from 1.057 to 1.175. Three-isotope plots of 208Pb/206Pb against 206Pb/207Pb demonstrated that 206Pb/207Pb ratios were intermediate between values for source end-member extremes of imported Australian Pb ore (1.04) - used in the manufacture of alkyl Pb compounds (1.06-1.10) formerly added to petrol - and indigenous Pb ores/coal (1.17-1.19). The 206Pb/207Pb ratios of the UBM ‘stomach’ extracts were similar (< 0.01 difference) to those of the soil for 26 of the 27 samples (r = 0.993, p < 0.001) and lower in 24 of them. A slight preference for lower 206Pb/207Pb ratio was discernible in the UBM. However, the source of Pb appeared to be less important in determining the extent of UBM-bioaccessible Pb than the overall soil total Pb concentration and the soil phases with which the Pb was associated. The significant phases identified in a subset of samples were carbonates, manganese oxides, iron-aluminium oxyhydroxides and clays. 相似文献
75.
76.
This paper describes the inadequacies in the provision for water, sanitation and solid waste collection in nine cities in Africa, Asia and Latin America and discusses the main explanatory factors. These include the quality and capacity of each city's local government, and the nature of its relationship with citizen groups and non-governmental organizations within the city and with governments at provincial/state or national level. The paper highlights the many political constraints on ensuring healthier living and working environments for lower-income groups, including those rooted in local government structures and perceptions, as well as those related to low per capita incomes and poor economic performance. 相似文献
77.
Maryam Tavafoghi Joseph M. Kinsella Cé Guinto Gamys Mathilde Gosselin Yaoyao Fiona Zhao 《Ceramics International》2018,44(15):17612-17622
Hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca5(PO4)3OH) has been extensively used for bone implantation due to its similarity to the mineral component of bone, which makes it strongly osteoconductive. However, HA has low resorbability, and it is difficult to replace by a newly regenerated bone. Si doping can enhance the resorbability of HA by modifying its crystal structure. Here, we developed a simple thermal technique for preparing Si-doped HA from silica (SiO2) and HA precursors, both of which are inexpensive and commercially available. This method included the physical binding of SiO2 and HA particles, followed by pressing and sintering the mixture at an elevated temperature, which enhanced the atomic diffusion of Si into HA unit cells. We also evaluated the simulated body fluid (SBF) activity of the Si-doped HA prepared by this technique and showed that it significantly had higher resorbability and mineralizing potential compared to the pure HA. Our experimental design including, the individual precipitation and resorption assays enabled us to explain the mechanism behind the improved activity of Si-doped HA in SBF. This was attributed to the formation of new phases, such as β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and calcium silicate (Ca2SiO4) with higher solubility than HA on the SiO2-contating HA during the sintering stage. This can provide some guidelines for designing new calcium phosphate-based materials for hard tissue engineering applications. 相似文献
78.
Organic polymers were extracted from okra, aloe vera, and hibiscus leaves and used as drag‐reducing additives (DRAs) to enhance the laminar flow in custom‐made microchannels that simulate the human brain vessels. The experiment was conducted using an open‐loop microfluidic system. The flow enhancement performance was evaluated as the function of percentage of flow increment of mucilage additives at different concentrations. Okra mucilage showed greater flow enhancement performance at higher mucilage concentration while both aloe vera and hibiscus mucilage performed better at lower additive concentration. The findings prove the potential of these organic polymers as DRAs to enhance the blood flow. 相似文献
79.
Fiona J. Stevens McFadden Barry J. Welch Pual C. Austin 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》2006,58(2):42-47
This paper investigates the application of multivariable model-based control to improve the regulatory control of electrolyte
temperature, aluminum fluoride concentration, liquidus temperature, superheat, and electrolyte height. Also examined are therappropriateness
of different control structures and the possible inclusion of recently developed sensors for alumina concentration and individual
cell duct flowrate, temperature, and heat loss. For the smelter in this study, the maximum improvement possible with a multivariable
model-based controller is predicted to be 30–40% reduction in standard deviation in electrolyte temperature, aluminum fluoride
concentration, liquidus temperature, and superheat, and around half this for electrolyte height. Three control structures
were found to be appropriate; all are different than the existing control structure, which was found to be suboptimal. Linear
Quadratic Gaussian controllers were designed for each control structure and their predicted performance compared.
Comalco Research. 相似文献
80.