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81.
Sub-micrometer particulate air pollution and cardiovascular mortality in Beijing, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Breitner S Liu L Cyrys J Brüske I Franck U Schlink U Leitte AM Herbarth O Wiedensohler A Wehner B Hu M Pan XC Wichmann HE Peters A 《The Science of the total environment》2011,409(24):5196-5204
Background
While the link between particulate matter and cardiovascular mortality is well established, it is not fully investigated and understood which properties of the aerosol might be responsible for the health effects, especially in polluted mega-city areas.Objectives
Our goal was to explore the association between daily cardiovascular mortality and different particle metrics in the sub-micrometer range in Beijing, China.Methods
We obtained daily counts of cause-specific cardiovascular deaths in the Beijing urban area for the period March 2004 to August 2005. Concurrently, continuous measurements of particle number size distributions were performed. Particle number concentrations (NC) between 0.003 μm and 0.8 μm were converted to particle mass and surface area concentrations assuming spherical particles. Semi-parametric Poisson regression models adjusting for trend, seasonality, day of the week, and meteorology were used to estimate immediate, delayed and cumulative particle effects. Additionally, effect modification by air mass origin was investigated.Results
We observed associations between daily cardiovascular mortality and particle NC for a 2-days delay. Moreover, nearly all particle metrics showed 2-days delayed associations with ischemic heart disease mortality. The strongest association was found for particle NC in the size range 0.03-0.1 μm (7.1% increase in daily mortality with a 95%-confidence interval of 2.9%-11.5%, per an increase of 6250 particles/cm3). Results for surface and mass concentrations with a lag of two days indicated effect modification by air mass origin, whereas effects of particle NC were not modified.Conclusions
Results show an elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality in Beijing from short-term exposure to particulate air pollution in the sub-micrometer range. Results also indicate that locally produced smaller particles and regionally transported particles may exhibit different effects in Beijing. 相似文献82.
Pierre-Emmanuel Baurand Jrmy Balland Chlo Reynas Mlanie Ramseyer Delphine Vivier Pierre-Simon Bellaye Bertrand Collin Catherine Paul Franck Denat Kamal Asgarov Jean-Ren Pallandre Laurence Ringenbach 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(20)
The human leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 15 (LRRC15) is a membrane protein identified as a marker of CAF (cancer-associated fibroblast) cells whose overexpression is positively correlated with cancer grade and outcome. Nuclear molecular imaging (i.e., SPECT and PET) to track LRRC15 expression could be very useful in guiding further therapeutic strategies. In this study, we developed an ScFv mouse phage-display library to obtain small fragment antibodies against human LRRC15 for molecular imaging purposes. Mice were immunized with recombinant human LRRC15 (hLRRC15), and lymph node cells were harvested for ScFv (single-chain variable fragment) phage-display analysis. The built library was used for panning on cell lines with constitutive or induced expression after transfection. The choice of best candidates was performed by screening various other cell lines, using flow cytometry. The selected candidates were reformatted into Cys-ScFv or Cys-diabody by addition of cysteine, and cloned in mammalian expression vectors to obtain batches of small fragments that were further used in site-specific radiolabeling tests. The obtained library was 1.2 × 107 cfu/µg with an insertion rate >95%. The two panning rounds performed on cells permittedenrichment of 2 × 10−3. Screening with flow cytometry allowed us to identify 28 specific hLRRC15 candidates. Among these, two also recognized murine LRCC15 and were reformatted into Cys-ScFv and Cys-diabody. They were expressed transiently in a mammalian system to obtain 1.0 to 4.5 mg of Cys fragments ready for bioconjugation and radiolabeling. Thus, in this paper, we demonstrate the relevance of the phage-display ScFv library approach for the fast-track development of small antibodies for imaging and/or immunotherapy purposes. 相似文献
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LiNbO3 surfaces with different antireflection coatings and from different vendors were damaged with 1.06 μm 9.5 ns full width at half maximum laser pulses. By probing with a laser spot smaller than the separation of isolated surface defects, it was possible to separate uniform damage, which was characteristic of the coating itself, from premature defect-driven localized failures. Uniform failure modes were identified and thresholds extracted for each by multithreshold analysis. Frequency of defect damage was determined at several fluences much lower than required for uniform failure. It is likely that defect-driven selective failures reduce the apparent damage threshold of flood-loaded samples. Tentative identification of a selective damage threshold was made and correlated with large-spot multimode test results. Incorporation of these results into a product-improvement program has resulted in LiNbO3 Q -switches with increased resistance to selective damage. 相似文献
88.
Franck A. Audemard Feliciano de Santis 《Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment》1991,44(1):5-16
In April–May 1989, the eastern coastlands of Falcon State (Northwestern Venezuela) were affected by a seismic swarm of over 2000 weak shallow events located on the continental platform. Nevertheless two moderate earthquakes (mb 5.7 and 5.0) occurred during this swarm, [anicking inhabitants and producing scarce structural damage but frequent fissures, fractures and wall falls of house masonry in the mesoseismal area. The most relevant geological features observed in the mesoseismal area, as a consequence of these main events, are related to liquefaction of saturated sand-layers and are concentrated in the flood plains and delta of the Tocuyo river, located less than 20 km away from the epicentral area. Both shocks triggered liquefaction with ground acceleration values ranging between 0.1 and 0.3 g. The FUNVISIS Earth Sciences Workgroup carried out a prospect-pit survey across these features (sand boils and vent-fractures) to have a better understanding of this phenomenon and to evaluate the liquefaction potential of sand layers in the mesoseismal area. The liquefied material came to the surface from subsurficial silty-sand layers deposited in fluvio-deltaic environments and located between 0.2 and 4.0 m in depth. The pathways used by liquefied sands correspond to pre-existing crab burrows and soil fractures. 相似文献
89.
P. Wolkoff G.D. Nielsen L.F. Hansen O. Albrechtsen C.R. Johnsen J.H. Heinig C. Franck P.A. Nielsen 《Indoor air》1991,1(4):389-403
Monitoring of human reactions to the emission of formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOC) from four commonly used building materials was carried out. The building materials were: a painted gypsum board, a rubber floor, a nylon carpet, and a particle board with an acid-curing paint. The exposures were performed in climate chambers. The air quality was quantified on the decipol scale by a trained panel, measurements of formaldehyde and VOC being performed simultaneously. The irritating potency of the materials was measured by a mouse bioassay. The VOC measurements showed several malodorants and irritants. Some abundant VOC identified in the head-space analyses were absent in the climate chamber air. The rubber floor and the nylon carpet exhibited a marked increase in decipols compatible with a number of odorous VOC identified in the air. A high formaldehyde concentration (minimum 743μg/m3) was measured for the particle board coated with an acid-curing paint. This was not reflected by a corresponding relatively high decipol value but a long-lasting irritating potency was observed in the mouse bioassay. TVOC sampled on Tenax and expressed in mass per volume as well as in molar concentration, and decipol evaluation both have limitations and should be used with caution as indicators of (perceived) indoor air quality. Eye irritation expressed by means of the eye index reflecting the tear film quality index (comprised of break-up time, foam formation, thickness of the precorneal lipid layer of the tear film, and epithelial damage) was found to be insensitive to formaldehyde and a VOC mixture but sensitive to TVOC concentrations of 1–2 mg/m3. Lipophilic VOC may be the cause of reduced tear film quality by destabilization of the lipid multilayer of the tear film. 相似文献
90.
J Robin S Martinot A Curtil C Vedrinne F Tronc M Franck G Champsaur 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,115(4):898-903
OBJECTIVE: The ideal substitute for the treatment of ventricle-pulmonary artery discontinuity remains a topic of controversy, because of calcifications and degeneration of biologic substitutes leading to subsequent reoperations. Because polyurethane valves used in ventricular assist devices show a satisfactory biocompatibility, the aim of this study was to evaluate a valved conduit composed of a Dacron graft incorporating a trileaflet 25 mm polyurethane valve. METHODS: The conduit was implanted between the right ventricle and the main pulmonary artery in adult sheep, with ligation of the proximal pulmonary artery. The animals received no medications. Serial hemodynamic data were collected at the time of implantation and at postoperative intervals of 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: The peak pressure gradient across the valve increased significantly between implantation (0.17 +/- 5.6 mm Hg) and 6 months after operation (7.3 +/- 3 mm Hg, p = 0.0007) and remained stable thereafter (6.7 +/- 3 mm Hg at 12 months), whereas the cardiac output remained unchanged (4.6 +/- 0.6 L/min at implantation, 4 +/- 0.6 L/min at 6 months, and 3.9 +/- 1.1 L/min at 12 months). At the completion of the study, valve samples were processed and vapor coated with carbon for microscopic examination. There was one instance of nonadherent thrombus formation inside a cusp but no structural failures. The other valves were free of calcium deposits and no significant amounts of phosphorus could be detected by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate the good hemodynamic performance, low thrombogenicity, and acceptable durability of the polyurethane valves implanted in the right side of the heart in a chronic sheep model. 相似文献