XRD evidence of macroscopic composition inhomogeneities in the graphite–lithium electrode

In situ and ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were carried out on lithiated graphite electrodes at different states of charge. Data were collected from both sides of electrode. We found macroscopic inhomogeneities in the lithium concentration along the electrode thickness even when the electrode was allowed to rest for 24 h. The electrode side facing the lithium counter electrode in the coin type half-cell displays higher lithium concentration as compared to the side opposed to the XRD window. Residual stage 2 compound is found in the supposedly fully lithiated and fully delithiated electrode. It seems that the differences in the chemical potential between stage 2 and stage 1 is too small to average the lithium composition through chemical diffusion at ambient temperature in reasonable times.     

Phase equilibria of Co3 V

In situ neutron diffraction experiments were performed over a wide range of temperatures on the alloy Co₃V. These experiments showed that theL1₃ region of the phase diagram does not exist. The ob-served Ll₂ phase appears to be a metastable state that can be obtained in quenched alloys. The hP24-fcc phase boundary was estimated to be 1045 ?.     

Human and nonhuman primate lymphocytes engrafted into SCID mice reside in unique mesenteric lymphoid structures

The present study compares the location and phenotype of B lineage lymphocytes in tissues from SCID mice engrafted with PBMC of human, chimpanzee, and pig-tailed macaque origin. In mice repopulated with both human and nonhuman primate lymphocytes, plasma cells were found in the peritoneal cavity in vascularized structures located in the mesentery near the pancreas, intestines, and spleen. The predominant isotype of the plasma cells was IgG; IgM and IgA cells were also present. Kappa and lambda light chains were expressed by 62% and 38% of the Ig-containing cells, respectively. J chain expression occurred in most cells irrespective of the Ig isotype. In the SCID mice engrafted with human lymphocytes, a few IgM-containing cells were found in the spleen; plasma cells were not found in other tissues, including the intestine. The aggregation of plasma cells did not appear to be a result of infection with EBV. T cells were rarely found in the lymphoid aggregates but were recovered from the spleen and peritoneal lavage. Human Ig levels in the serum of engrafted mice reflected the isotype distribution of the cells with IgG > IgM > or = IgA.     

Extravisceral masses in the peritoneal cavity: sonographically guided biopsies in 52 patients

To establish a possible correlation between the rate of cellular proliferation and already documented functional and morphological characteristics of the rat pineal gland during postnatal development, the bromodeoxyuridine labelling method was used to evaluate the fraction of cells at the S phase of the cell cycle in paraffin sections from 1-, 7-, 14- and 28-day-old rats. Numerical density, taken as an indirect measure of cell hypertrophy, was also evaluated. During the first week after birth the percentage of S phase-cells in the rat pineal gland sharply decreased from around 9% to 1.3%. A smaller but also significant decrease was found from the 7th to the 14th postnatal day where S phase cells were less than 0.5% of all pineal cells. A very low percentage was also seen in samples from 28-day-old rats. Numerical density, namely, the total number of cells per surface unit of pineal section, decreased from birth to the end of the first month. This decrease was also steeper from birth to the 7th postnatal day than at any other period of the study. These results support the idea that a strong expansion of the cellular population of the rat pineal gland precedes morphological and functional maturation and opens the way to further exploration of the relationship between functional and proliferative responses of the pineal gland.     

The chemical composition of precipitated austenite in 9Ni steel

Analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy and a novel Mössbauer spectrometry technique were used to measure the chemical composition of austenite particles which precipitate during intercritical tempering of 9Ni steel. Both techniques showed an enrichment of Ni, Mn, Cr, and Si in the austenite. A straightforward analysis involving data on both austenite composition and austenite formation kinetics suggests that the growth of austenite particles is controlled by a 3-dimensional diffusion process. The segregation of solutes to the austenite accounts for much of its stability against the martensitic transformation at low temperatures. Composition inhomogeneities develop in austenite particles after long temperings; the central regions of the particles are lean in solutes and are first to undergo the martensitic transformation. However, changes in solute concentrations of the austenite during long temperings seem too small to account for the large changes in austenite stability. It appears that some of the stability of precipitated austenite must be microstructural in origin.     

Urinary incontinence and psychological distress among older adults.

We examined the relationship between urinary incontinence and psychological distress in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. The data are from a probability sample of Washtenaw County, Michigan residents ages 60 years and older, who were interviewed in 1983 and 1984. A total of 747 women and 431 men were included in the analyses. Experiencing urinary incontinence, particularly in a severe form, was weakly related to depression, negative affect, and low life satisfaction. These relationships are partly explained by the fact that incontinent respondents are less healthy than are continent respondents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Design and operation of the wide angular-range chopper spectrometer ARCS at the Spallation Neutron Source

The wide angular-range chopper spectrometer ARCS at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is optimized to provide a high neutron flux at the sample position with a large solid angle of detector coverage. The instrument incorporates modern neutron instrumentation, such as an elliptically focused neutron guide, high speed magnetic bearing choppers, and a massive array of (3)He linear position sensitive detectors. Novel features of the spectrometer include the use of a large gate valve between the sample and detector vacuum chambers and the placement of the detectors within the vacuum, both of which provide a window-free final flight path to minimize background scattering while allowing rapid changing of the sample and sample environment equipment. ARCS views the SNS decoupled ambient temperature water moderator, using neutrons with incident energy typically in the range from 15 to 1500 meV. This range, coupled with the large detector coverage, allows a wide variety of studies of excitations in condensed matter, such as lattice dynamics and magnetism, in both powder and single-crystal samples. Comparisons of early results to both analytical and Monte Carlo simulation of the instrument performance demonstrate that the instrument is operating as expected and its neutronic performance is understood. ARCS is currently in the SNS user program and continues to improve its scientific productivity by incorporating new instrumentation to increase the range of science covered and improve its effectiveness in data collection.