On the Controlling Factor of Catalyst Temperature in C_3H_8-Air Mixture

INTRODUCTIONCatalytic combushon is considered to be an effechvecombushon method for gas tUrbines to achieve lower NOxendssion levels. However, a Problem to be solved is theexcess increase of catalyst temp~ that easily causesdamage. Lindhng catalyst temperathe can be realized byallowing incomplete combushon in catalyst by combininga flame holder downstream that yields completecombushon afterWards. iiis is recognized as the mostadvantageous combushon method that meets the thermalresistance…     

Plasma Nitriding Behavior of Fe-C-M (M = Al, Cr, Mn, Si) Ternary Martensitic Steels

Change in surface hardness and nitrides precipitated in Fe-0.6C binary and Fe-0.6 mass pct C-1 mass pct M (M = Al, Cr, Mn, Si) ternary martensitic alloys during plasma nitriding were investigated. Surface hardness was hardly increased in the Fe-0.6C binary alloy and slightly increased in Fe-0.6C-1Mn and Fe-0.6C-1Si alloys. On the other hand, it was largely increased in Fe-0.6C-1Al and Fe-0.6C-1Cr alloys. In all the Fe-0.6C-1M alloys except for the Si-added alloy, fine platelet alloy nitrides precipitated inside martensite laths. In the Fe-0.6C-1Si alloy, Si-enriched film was observed mainly at a grain boundary and an interface between cementite and matrix. Crystal structure of nitrides observed in the martensitic alloys was similar to those in Fe-M binary ferritic alloys reported previously. However, there was a difference in hardening behavior between ferrite and martensite due to a high density of dislocations acting as a nucleation site of the nitrides and partitioning of an alloying element between martensite and cementite changing the driving force of precipitation of the nitrides.     

Erratum to: Grain Refinement by Cyclic Displacive Forward/Reverse Transformation in Fe-High-Ni Alloys

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A -     

A Surface-Tailoring Method for Rapid Non-Thermosensitive Cell-Sheet Engineering via Functional Polymer Coatings

Cell sheet engineering, a technique utilizing a monolayer cell sheet, has recently emerged as a promising technology for scaffold-free tissue engineering. In contrast to conventional tissue-engineering approaches, the cell sheet technology allows cell harvest as a continuous cell sheet with intact extracellular matrix proteins and cell–cell junction, which facilitates cell transplantation without any other artificial biomaterials. A facile, non-thermoresponsive method is demonstrated for a rapid but highly reliable platform for cell-sheet engineering. The developed method exploits the precise modulation of cell–substrate interactions by controlling the surface energy of the substrate via a series of functional polymer coatings to enable prompt cell sheet harvesting within 100 s. The engineered surface can trigger an intrinsic cellular response upon the depletion of divalent cations, leading to spontaneous cell sheet detachment under physiological conditions (pH 7.4 and 37 °C) in a non-thermoresponsive manner. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of the cell sheet is successfully demonstrated by the transplantation of multilayered cell sheets into mouse models of diabetic wounds and ischemia. These findings highlight the ability of the developed surface for non-thermoresponsive cell sheet engineering to serve as a robust platform for regenerative medicine and provide significant breakthroughs in cell sheet technology.     

Production of -lyxose from -glucose by microbial and enzymatic reactions

-Arabitol was first prepared from -glucose using Candida famata R28. The reaction gave 5.0% -arabitol from 10.0% -glucose. -Arabitol was then almost completely converted to -xylulose using Acetobacter aceti IFO 3281. Finally, -lyxose was prepared from -xylulose enzymatically using -ribose isomerase from toluene-treated cells of Acinetobacter sp. strain DL-28. The isomerization reaction progressed steadily and the concentration of -xylulose increased from 1.0 to 10.0%. About 70% of -xylulose was converted to -lyxose in all cases. Separation of residual -xylulose from the reaction mixture is very difficult to achieve by column chromatography, but -xylulose could be selectively degraded easily using Saccharomyces cerevisiae IFO 0841. The product was crystallized and was confirmed to be -lyxose by HPLC, ¹³C-NMR spectra, IR spectra analysis, and optical rotation measurement.     

Acrylic oligomer for high solid automotive top coating system having excellent acid resistance

Acrylic oligomers containing siloxy groups were synthesized using trimethylsiloxyethyl methacrylate (TMSEMA) which have lower polarity and lower viscosity than those containing naked hydroxyl groups, and developed as high solid automotive top coatings by application of the crosslinking reaction between the siloxy groups and isocyanate groups or by the hybrid crosslinking reaction using the siloxy groups, epoxy groups, acid anhydride groups and hydrolyzable silyl groups. The hybrid crosslinked films show excellent acid resistance and scratch resistance.     

Near-infrared spectroscopic analysis of deterioration indices of soybeans for process control in oil milling plant

The feasibility of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was examined for analyzing quality criteria or deterioration induces of soybeans, such as the nitrogen solubility index (NSI), acid value, digestibility and percentage germination, as well as the contents of their major constituents (moisture, oil and total nitrogen). Because all the criteria are closely related to yield and quality of the final product, their rapid analysis is required for process control in the oil milling plant. NIR diffuse-reflectace spectra were measured on ground samples in an InfraAlyzer 500 (Bran+Luebbe Co., Norderstedt, Germany). As for the major constituents, the standard errors of prediction (SEP) were 0.34% (moisture), 0.24% (oil) and 0.067% (total nitrogen). There results show the ability of NIR for analyzing these parameters, as many researchers reported previously. As for the other quality criteria, the SEP values were 2.40 (NSI), 5.58 (digestibility), 0.29 (acid value) and 15.27 (germinatio percentage). Further, NIR analysis for some of these criteria of the extracted residue and defatted soybeans was also examined, and almost the same level of SEP values was obtained. Although it is still necessary to improve the accuracy, we concluded that the NIR method has the feasibility to measure quality criteria for the purpose of process control in the plant in place of the time-consuming chemical analysis that are conventionally used. Part of this study was presented at 84th AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo, April 27, 1993, Anaheim, California.