基于横摆力矩控制的电动轮自卸车制动力分配策略

电动轮自卸车在左右附着系数不同的路面进行紧急制动时,会产生干扰横摆力矩,导致自卸车侧滑跑偏。为此,提出了一种基于横摆力矩控制的电动轮自卸车制动力分配策略,该策略采用参数模糊自整定PID控制器,根据横摆角速度偏差值分别调整制动时自卸车左轮和右轮的滑移率,自动分配左轮和右轮的制动力来直接实现横摆力矩控制。仿真分析结果表明:系统能够很好地实现电动轮自卸车制动力的合理分配;采用制动力分配策略后,最大侧滑距离从8.9 m减小为0.72 m。     

基围虾冻藏过程中的品质变化

通过测定基围虾不同冻藏时间点(0、1、3、5、7周)质构、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、脂肪氧化、脂肪酸组成、风味及鲜度的变化,探究了对虾冻藏过程中品质变化的机理。结果表明,随着冻藏时间的延长,基围虾的黏附性逐渐增加,弹性、硬度、咀嚼性显著下降。PPO活性呈现先升后降的趋势。基围虾冻藏过程中脂肪氧化水平(TBARS)不断增加,饱和脂肪酸显著增加,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)显著降低。基围虾冻藏过程中共检测出50多种挥发性风味物质,其中醇类和芳香族化合物含量降低,醛、酮及含氮化合物的含量增加。由ATP、ADP、AMP和HxR及Hx等鲜度指标的测定结果可知,基围虾冻藏7周后仍比较新鲜。虽然基围虾在冻藏过程中品质和营养价值降低,但仍较新鲜。     

多孔大通量莫来石相碳化硅陶瓷的制备与表征

采用碳化硅作为陶瓷骨料,氧化铝和二氧化硅高温反应生成的莫来石作为陶瓷粘接剂,三氧化二钇作为烧结助剂,羧甲基纤维素钠作为生坯粘接剂,合成石墨作为造孔剂,在二氧化碳气氛下,1 450℃保温2 h,成功制备了以莫来石作粘结相的碳化硅多孔陶瓷,考察了不同莫来石组分对多孔陶瓷的物相组成、抗折强度、孔隙率、微观形貌及通孔孔径分布的影响.结果表明:随着莫来石质量分数的逐渐增加,多孔陶瓷的抗折强度先增加后降低,孔隙率逐渐降低;样品中莫来石的质量分数为25%时多孔陶瓷的性能最佳,其抗折强度为27.81 MPa,孔隙率为38.88%.多孔陶瓷的通孔孔径分布范围为1~8μm,以1~2μm的孔径为主.     

Formation mechanism of multi-functional black silicon based on optimized deep reactive ion etching technique with SF6/C4F8

This paper reports a controllable multi-functional black silicon surface with nanocone-forest structures fabricated by an optimized deep reactive ion etching(DRIE)technique using SF6/C4F8 in cyclic etching-passivation process,which is maskless,effective and controllable.The process conditions are investigated by systematically comparative experiments and core parameters have been figured out,including etching process parameters,pre-treatment,patterned silicon etching and inclined surface etching.Based on the experimental data,the formation mechanism of nanocone shape is developed,which provides a novel view for in-depth understanding of abnormal phenomena observed in the experiments under different process situations.After the optimization of the process parameters,the black silicon surfaces exhibit superhydrophobicity with tunable reflectance.Additionally,the quantitative relationship between nanocones aspect ratio and surface reflectance and static contact angle is obtained,which demonstrates that black silicon surfaces with unique functional properties(i.e.,cross-combination of reflectance and wettability)can be achieved by controlling the morphology of nanostructures.     

Influence of static pre-loading on the dynamic bending strength of concrete with particle element modeling

Experimental tests show that static pre-loading has a significant effect on the dynamic strength of concrete.Based on meso-scale particle element model,numerical simulations of dynamic bending tests with pre-loading are performed.Complete stress–strain relationships are then obtained.Significant increase in dynamic strength is found when the pre-loadings are imposed within the elastic limit of concrete.However,when the imposition of pre-loadings reaches the plastic or softening range,dynamic strengths may gradually decrease along with the increase in pre-loadings.The distribution of energy components and the failure modes are discussed to explain the mechanisms of the phenomena.     

In situ study of the mechanical properties of airborne haze particles

Particulate pollution has raised serious concerns regarding its potential impacts on human health in developing countries. However, much less attention has been paid to the threat of haze particles to machinery and industry. By employing a state-of-the-art in situ scanning electron microscope compression testing technique, we demonstrate that iron-rich and fly ash haze particles, which account for nearly 70% of the total micron-sized spherical haze particles, are strong enough to generate abrasive damage to most engineering alloys, and therefore can generate significant scratch damage to moving contacting surfaces in high precision machineries. Our finding calls for preventive measures to protect against haze related threat.     

组合膜分离技术资源化处理印染废水工艺的研究

为解决印染废水的资源化处理问题,针对实际印染废水研究了以超滤和纳滤膜分离技术为核心的印染废水处理及回用工艺在工程上的可行性。实验结果表明:还原染料废水采用超滤系统处理,膜出水水质即能够满足印染厂内回用水质要求;活性染料废水通过纳滤浓缩能够获得较好的染料回收效果。采用双膜膜分离系统(UF+NF)能够使两种染料废水的污染物均得到明显去除,还原性染料废水的总悬浮物、COD、浊度和色度的去除率达到了100%、95.21%、92.86%和100%;活性染料废水上述各项指标去除率达到100%、82.85%、98.46%和99.43%。双膜膜分离系统适用于工业印染废水处理及染料回收,是资源化处理印染废水的发展方向。     

竖向荷载下弹性支承直墙拱反弯点理论分析

在工程实践中,直墙拱应用较多。由于拱脚位移的存在,合理假设拱脚约束为转角约束、竖向约束和水平弹性约束,应用力法推导出了在弯矩、剪力和轴力共同作用下直墙拱沿弧长的弯矩公式。研究了竖向均布荷载、竖向三角形荷载和竖向集中力荷载作用下,直墙拱沿弧长的弯矩分布及反弯点形成的规律;发现在3种荷载作用下,使得拱脚弯矩为零时的圆心角依次减小。取弹簧支座刚度为等效的下端固支、上端允许水平位移的直墙的抗推刚度,得出了随着直墙高度增加,圆弧拱拱顶弯矩增大而拱脚弯矩减小的变化规律。在直墙拱的设计中,建议选取合适的直墙高度和使得圆弧拱拱脚弯矩为零的圆心角大小,从而有利于提高结构抗弯承载力及拱脚抗剪承载力。     

Structural-acoustic coupling characteristics of honeycomb sandwich plate based on parameter sensitivity analysis简

The structural-acoustic coupling model for isotropic thin elastic plate was extended to honeycomb sandwich plate （HSP） by applying Green function method. Then an equivalent circuit model of the weakly-strongly coupled system was proposed. Based on that, the estimation formulae of the coupled eigenfrequency were derived. The accuracy of the theoretical predictions was checked against experimental data, with good agreement achieved. Finally, the effects of HSP design parameters on the system coupling degree, the acoustic cavity eigenfrequency, and sound pressure response were analyzed. The results show that mechanical and acoustical characteristics of HSP can be improved by increasing the thickness of face sheet and reducing the mass density of material.     

大学图书馆读者阅读需求特点及需求变动分析

大学图书馆读者阅读需求有个性化、多样化特点,通过对大学图书馆的读者分层,依次对大学图书馆的本科生、研究生、教师及科研人员的阅读需求变动进行了分析;并根据大学读者阅读需求变化规律以及不同群体读者的阅读需求特点,提出了如何更好地为大学读者提供满意优质服务的对策建议。