Path planning using a mobile anchor node based on trilateration in wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), many applications require sensor nodes to obtain their locations. Now, the main idea in most existing localization algorithms has been that a mobile anchor node (e.g., global positioning system‐equipped nodes) broadcasts its coordinates to help other unknown nodes to localize themselves while moving according to a specified trajectory. This method not only reduces the cost of WSNs but also gets high localization accuracy. In this case, a basic problem is that the path planning of the mobile anchor node should move along the trajectory to minimize the localization error and to localize the unknown nodes. In this paper, we propose a Localization algorithm with a Mobile Anchor node based on Trilateration (LMAT) in WSNs. LMAT algorithm uses a mobile anchor node to move according to trilateration trajectory in deployment area and broadcasts its current position periodically. Simulation results show that the performance of our LMAT algorithm is better than that of other similar algorithms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multifunctional Upconversion Nanoparticles for Dual‐Modal Imaging‐Guided Stem Cell Therapy under Remote Magnetic Control

Stem cells have generated a great deal of excitement in cell‐based therapies. Here, a unique class of multifunctional nanoparticles (MFNPs) with both upconversion luminescence (UCL) and superparamagnetic properties is used for stem cell research. It is discovered that after being labeled with MFNPs, mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) are able to maintain their viability and differentiation ability. In vivo UCL imaging of MFNP‐labeled mMSCs transplanted into animals is carried out, achieving ultrahigh tracking sensitivity with a detection limit as low as ≈10 cells in a mouse. Using both UCL optical and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging approaches, MFNP‐labeled mMSCs are tracked after being intraperitoneally injected into wound‐bearing mice under a magnetic field. The translocation of mMSCs from the injection site to the wound nearby the magnet is observed and, intriguingly, a remarkably improved tissue repair effect is observed as the result of magnetically induced accumulation of stem cells in the wound site. The results demonstrate the use MFNPs as novel multifunctional probes for labeling, in vivo tracking, and manipulation of stem cells, which is promising for imaging guided cell therapies and tissue engineering.     

A Multiwalled‐Carbon‐Nanotube‐Based Biosensor for Monitoring Microcystin‐LR in Sources of Drinking Water Supplies

A multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐based electrochemical biosensor is developed for monitoring microcystin‐LR (MC‐LR), a toxic cyanobacterial toxin, in sources of drinking water supplies. The biosensor electrodes are fabricated using vertically well‐aligned, dense, millimeter‐long MWCNT arrays with a narrow size distribution, grown on patterned Si substrates by water‐assisted chemical vapor deposition. High temperature thermal treatment (2500 °C) in an Ar atmosphere is used to enhance the crystallinity of the pristine materials, followed by electrochemical functionalization in alkaline solution to produce oxygen‐containing functional groups on the MWCNT surface, thus providing the anchoring sites for linking molecules that allow the immobilization of MC‐LR onto the MWCNT array electrodes. Addition of the monoclonal antibodies specific to MC‐LR in the incubation solutions offers the required sensor specificity for toxin detection. The performance of the MWCNT array biosensor is evaluated using micro‐Raman spectroscopy, including polarized Raman measurements, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, optical microscopy, and Faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A linear dependence of the electron‐transfer resistance on the MC‐LR concentration is observed in the range of 0.05 to 20 μg L^?1, which enables cyanotoxin monitoring well below the World Health Organization (WHO) provisional concentration limit of 1 μg L^?1 for MC‐LR in drinking water.     

Cyclobutadiene–C60 Adducts: N‐Type Materials for Organic Photovoltaic Cells with High VOC

New tetraalkylcyclobutadiene–C₆₀ adducts are developed via Diels–Alder cycloaddition of C₆₀ with in situ generated cyclobutadienes. The cofacial π‐orbital interactions between the fullerene orbitals and the cyclobutene are shown to decrease the electron affinity and thereby increase the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of C₆₀ significantly (ca. 100 and 300 meV for mono‐ and bisadducts, respectively). These variations in LUMO levels of fullerene can be used to generate higher open‐circuit voltages (V_OC) in bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells. The tetramethylcyclobutadiene–C₆₀ monoadduct displays an open‐circuit voltage (0.61 V) and a power conversion efficiency (2.49%) comparable to the widely used P3HT/PCBM (poly(3‐hexylthiophene/([6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester) composite (0.58 V and 2.57%, respectively). The role of the cofacial π‐orbital interactions between C₆₀ and the attached cyclobutene group was probed chemically by epoxidation of the cyclobutene moiety and theoretically through density functional theory calculations. The electrochemical, photophysical, and thermal properties of the newly synthesized fullerene derivatives support the proposed effect of functionalization on electron affinities and photovoltaic performance.     

Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells with Potential‐Tunable Organic Sulfide Mediators and Graphene‐Modified Carbon Counter Electrodes

A new class of organic sulfide mediators with programmable redox properties is designed via density functional theory calculations and synthesized for efficient dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Photophysical and electrochemical properties of these mediators derived from systematical functionalization of the framework with electron donating and withdrawing groups (MeO, Me, H, Cl, CF₃, and NO₂) are investigated. With this new class of organic mediators, the redox potential can be fine‐tuned over a 170 mV range, overlapping the conventional I^?/I₃^?couple. Due to the suitable interplay of physical properties and electrochemical characteristics of the mediator involving electron‐donating MeO group, the DSCs based on this mediator behave excellently in various kinetic processes such as dye regeneration, electron recombination, and mass transport. Thus, the MeO derivative of the mediator is identified as having the best performance of this series of redox shuttles. As inferred from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry measurements, the addition of graphene into the normal carbon counter electrode material dramatically improves the apparent catalytic activity of the counter electrode towards the MeO derivative of mediator, resulting in N719 based DSCs showing a promising conversion efficiency of 6.53% under 100 mW·cm^?2 simulated sunlight illumination.     

基于AT89S52控制的直流稳压电源设计

为实现稳压电源的数控调节,采用AT89S52单片机来设计直流稳压电源。直流稳压电源通过软件的运行来控制整个仪器的工作,从而完成设定的功能。通过数字键盘来设置直流电源的输出电压,输出电压范围为0~9.9 V,最大电流为300 mA,并可由液晶屏LCD1602显示实际输出电压值。设计由单片机程控输出数字信号,经过D/A转换器DAC0832输出模拟量,再经过运算放大器LM324隔离放大,最后输出各种设备所需要的电压。实际测试表明,该设计性能优良,适用于需要高稳定度小功率恒压源的领域。     

PCVD单模光纤中的材料组成和结构设计

在简要介绍PCVD工艺基本原理的基础上，阐述了PCVD单模光纤的材料组成和结构，对采用功能梯度的材料组成和结构设计以及粘度匹配对降低光纤的衰减、提高光纤的抗弯曲和抗氢损等特性进行了简单的分析和讨论。     

Life prediction of LED-based recess downlight cooled by synthetic jet

This paper details the adaptation and implementation of a proposed hierarchical model to the reliability assessment of LED-based luminaires. An Edison base ? 6 in., compatible can, downlight ? LED replacement bulb, cooled by active synthetic jets, is used as the test vehicle. Based on the identified degradation mechanisms and the experimentally obtained degradation rate of the cooling device, the reduction in the heat sink enhancement factor, and thus the increase in the LED junction temperature, is determined as a function of time. The degradation mechanisms of the dual-function power electronics – providing constant power to the LEDs and to the drivers of a series of synthetic jets – are also analyzed and serve as the basis for a hybrid model which combines these two effects on the luminaire lifetime. The lifetime of a prototypical luminaire is predicted from LED lifetime data using the degradation analyses of the synthetic jet and power electronics.     

基于质量损失函数的仪器最佳校准周期的确定

根据现行标准,测量器具的校准周期由各生产厂家和研究机构根据具体情况自行规定.田口(Taguchi)质量工程学给出了单质量特性情况下的最佳校准周期确定方法,但没有多质量特性下的计算公式.文中从质量经济性出发,使用马氏距离度量多元测量质量特性,应用田口二次质量损失函数,以数字信号源为例推导其最佳测量周期的理论公式,为该仪器测量周期的确定提供了理论依据.     

统一接口平台在中国电信WDM综合网络管理系统中的应用

在分析了现有多厂商网络管理系统北向接口模式所存在问题的基础上,提出统一接口平台并实践应用于中国电信WDM综合网络管理系统,通过统一接口模型解决了不同厂商不同制式北向接口之间的差异性和不完备性,减少系统升级维护的开发难度和开发成本.通过应用统一接口平台,综合网络管理系统不必针对设备厂商的不同版本进行接口开发,只要在统一接口平台上进行适当的环境配置即可,可以快速地对新的干线进行监控,并缩短排除接口故障的时间,有效降低中国电信骨干网网管的开发和管理成本.