Grain egression: A new mechanism of fatigue-crack initiation in Ti-6Al-4V

A new mechanism of fatigue-crack initiation (FCI), grain egression, was observed in the course of investigating corrosion-fatigue crack initiation in Ti-6A1-4V hip prostheses fabricated using three different processes. Extensive scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to document this new mechanism as well as the other FCI mechanisms operating. Grain egression entails the fracture and egression of primary α grains from the surface of the sample, resulting in a sharp pit that subsequently acts as the site of crack initiation. The different sizes and morphologies of the grain-egression sites observed are very similar to the sizes and morphologies of the pri-mary α grains resulting from the three different fabrication processes, providing further evidence for grain egression as an operative FCI mechanism.     

Sex and locus of control as determinants of children's responses to peer versus adult praise.

Gave 80 Black 1st graders varying in internal–external control (as identified by scores on the Stanford Preschool Internal–External Scale) a series of digit substitution problems during which their performance was praised by either a Black boy and girl or a Black man and woman ostensibly watching them from another room. Agents' feedback was previously videotaped. As predicted, boys were most responsive to peer feedback and girls were most responsive to adult feedback, as revealed by faster problem-solving rates on reinforced tasks, higher scores on a related substitution task, and greater attributions of agent helpfulness. Predictions involving locus of control received only modest support. The relationship of these results to earlier studies involving dissimilar populations is discussed and educational implications are drawn. (29 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cryoimmunoglobulin IgGk with microtubular ultrastructure associated with pyoderma gangrenosum

Based on the hitherto published population data of the human red cell PGM1 and acid phosphatase polymorphisms, the geographical distributions of their gene frequencies were analyzed. As far as the acid phosphatase alleles are concerned, a marked geographical gradient was found as the Pa and Pb alleles showed significant correlations with the mean annual temperatures of the various human biotopes (Pa:r = -0.706; Pb:r = +0.812). Against that, the world distribution of the PGM1 alleles did not show a comparable correlation (PGM1 1:R = +0.063; PGM2 1:R = -0.063). The possible reasons for the distribution pattern of the acid phosphatase alleles are discussed.     

A survey of student personnel and educational research facilities.

"In an effort to secure some understanding of the ways in which institutions of higher learning staff, organize, administer, and finance research activities in the branch of the behavioral sciences which we think of as education, the present writer surveyed 28 agencies in 10 universities." Information was obtained for most of these agencies concerning "a picture of the development of research activities within the agency, its present staff structure, administrative and policy control, amount and method of financing, and the nature of the research being carried on." Multiple staff appointments, temporary research personnel, basic, applied and service research, research talent in administration, and the impact of the work of research centers are briefly considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A validity study of the Psychological Stress Evaluator.

Assessed the Psychological Stress Evaluator (PSE) for its ability to display and detect arousal in the spoken word. 43 university students were asked to read aloud 10 words composed of random proportions of taboo and neutral words, PSE recordings of these words were then given to 2 trained and 10 untrained analysts for identification of stress patterns. Results indicate that, although the Ss rated the taboo words significantly more arousing than the neutral, the accuracy of identification of such words was no greater than chance for all analysts, regardless of training. It is concluded that the PSE may not be as effective as its manufacturers claim. Additional research appears warranted. (French summary) (9 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)