Preparation of amorphous Ni-Pd-P particles by melt ejection into stirred water and their hardness and thermal stability

Amorphous spherical particles with diameters of 0.5 to 1.4 mm have been prepared by melt ejecting Ni-rich Ni-Pd-P alloys into stirred cold water with 1 vol pct surfactive agent. The sphericity of the amorphous particles defined by the difference in diameter was better than 98 pct. Particle diameters (d) are 2 to 3 times larger than the orifice diameter (2r) of the quartz nozzle. The size ratio has been interpreted by the Raplace’s relation (d = 4r) derived from the assumption that an internal pressure of molten alloy is equal between cylindrical stream and spherical droplet. From the result that no spherical amorphous particles are formed in the cold water without surfactive agent, a significant decrease in the surface tension of coolant by the addition of surfactive agent is essential in the formation of spherical liquid particles from the ejected melt stream. The amorphous particles with diameters below about 1.0 mm exhibit hardness, crystallization temperature, and heat of crys-tallization similar to those from the amorphous ribbon with about 40 μm thickness. However, the onset temperature and heat of relaxation are lower by 16 K (4.2 pct) and larger by 130 J/mol (13 pct), respectively, for the particles. It is thus concluded that the amorphous spherical particles have the same thermal stability as that of the amorphous ribbon and its structure is in a more disordered state as compared with the ribbon sample.     

Increase in adhesion molecules on CD4+ cells and CD4+ cell subsets in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the role of adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: We evaluated their expression and that of an activation marker on CD4+ cell populations and CD4+ cell subsets in specimens of peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) obtained from 10 patients with RA and 7 with osteoarthritis (OA). A 2 or 3-color immunofluorescent method was used for analysis. RESULTS: The SF from both groups of patients showed a greater density of adhesion molecules including LFA-1 alpha, LFA-1 beta, CD2, VLA-4 alpha and VLA-5 alpha on CD4+ cells, and a higher percentage of CD4+HLA-DR+ cells compared with their PB. IN PB-CD4+ cell subsets from the arthritic and healthy subjects, the CD4+CD45RO+ cell population showed an increased expression of adhesion molecules compared with CD4+CD45RA+ cell population. The expression of adhesion molecules on circulating CD4+ cell population and CD4+ cell subsets from the patients with RA and OA was comparable to that from healthy subjects. SF from both groups of patients showed a higher percentage of CD4+CD45RO+ cells and a lower percentage of CD4+CD45RA+ cells. In SF-CD4+ cell subsets from patients with RA, the CD4+CD45RO+ cell population had an increased expression of VLA-4 alpha compared to the CD4+CD45RA+ cell population; however, there was no significant difference in other adhesion molecule expression and the percentage of HLA-DR+ cells between the 2 cell subsets. Furthermore, the expression of VLA-4 alpha on the CD4+CD45RO+ cell population in SF from patients with RA was significantly higher than that in matched PB. In CD4+CD45RA+ cell population from both groups of patients, SF showed an enhanced expression of adhesion molecules and an increased percentage of HLA-DR+ cells compared with matched PB. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that increased expression of adhesion molecules and increased percentage of HLA-DR+ cells on CD4+ cells in SF may be responsible for cellular interactions between these cells and synovial cells or extracellular matrix.     

Simultaneous determination of acrolein, malonaldehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal produced from lipids oxidized with Fenton's reagent

Ethyl linoleate, ethyl linolenate, ethyl arachidonate and cod liver oil were oxidized with Fenton's reagent. Acrolein, malonaldehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal formed were derivatized to N-methylpyrazoline, N-methylpyrazole and 5-(1'-hydroxyhexyl)-1-methyl-2-pyrazoline with N-methylhydrazine, respectively. The derivatives were simultaneously analysed by gas chromatograph equipped with a fused silica capillary column and a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. The maximum amounts of acrolein (9.7 +/- 2.11 nmol/ml) and malonaldehyde (61.18 +/- 6.51 nmol/ml) were formed from cod liver oil. The highest amount of 4-hydroxynonenal (6.83 +/- 0.53 nmol/ml) was produced from ethyl arathidonate.     

The use of epoxy patch grafts for the repair of experimentally-created diaphragmatic defects in dogs

Canine pericardium which had been treated with polyepoxy compounds (Denacol EX-313) was used as a patch graft for the correction of experimentally-created diaphragmatic defects in five dogs belonging to the same litter. Clinical, macroscopic and histological examinations were conducted every month up to five months after suturing of the patch graft. Clinical examination of the patch graft showed no apparent abnormalities. Macroscopic examination conducted during autopsy showed that the patch graft maintained adequate elasticity for five months after suturing, the surface of the patch graft was covered with a thin membrane and neovascularization was observed. Histological examination showed that the surface of the patch graft was covered with a thin membrane. Inflammatory tissue reactions were observed at one month, but gradually decreased from the second month onwards. In addition, the patch graft had excellent tissue affinity.     

Deeper into attachment and culture.

Replies to comments by 7 authors (see records 2001-18772-008, 2001-18772-009, 2001-18772-010, 2001-18772-011, and 2001-18772-012) in reference to the F. Rothbaum et al's original article (see record 2000-02781-001), which highlighted evidence of cultural variations in, and noted ways in which attachment theory is laden with Western values and meaning in comparisons of the US and Japan. Here, Rothbaum et al defend their central thesis and note areas of their agreement and disagreement with the aforementioned comments and criticisms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Individual differences in working memory: Introduction to the special section.

This special section includes a set of 5 articles that examine the nature of inter- and intraindividual differences in working memory, using working memory span tasks as the main research tools. These span tasks are different from traditional short-term memory spans (e.g., digit or word span) in that they require participants to maintain some target memory items (e.g., words) while simultaneously performing some other tasks (e.g., reading sentences). In this introduction, a brief discussion of these working memory span tasks and their characteristics is provided first. This is followed by an overview of 2 major theoretic issues that are addressed by the subsequent articles—(a) the factors influencing the inter- and intraindividual differences in working memory performance and (b) the domain generality versus domain specificity of working memory—and also of some important issues that must be kept in mind when readers try to evaluate the claims regarding these 2 theoretical issues. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Permeation, diffusion and dissolution of hydrogen isotopes, methane and inert gases through/in a tetrafluoroethylene film

Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) is widely used for conventional tritium handling systems such as vacuum seals, tubing and so on. We measured the permeation of the three hydrogen isotopes, methane and the inert gases through a TFE film at room temperature by means of the time-lag method in order to establish the physicochemical properties which determine the solubility and diffusivity of those gases. It was found that the diffusion constant of the inert gases changed exponentially with the heat of vaporization and the solubility was an exponential function of the Lennard-Jones force constant of the gases. On the other hand, hydrogen isotopes and methane deviated from these relations. It is concluded that chemical interactions between the solute and the solvent play an important role for the dissolution and the diffusion of these gases in TFE.     

Imaging of a single atomic column in silicon grain boundary

Atomic resolution high voltage electron microscopy was applied in investigations of the atomic structure of [112] sigma3 CSL grain boundary of silicon. Images of the grain boundary, viewed in the < 110 > direction, showed two types of dark spots. One type was rod shaped, which represented an atomic pair aligned in the < 111 > direction. The other was a small round spot, which represented a single atomic column in the grain boundary. The atomic structure of [112] sigma3 CSL grain boundary was directly shown from the atomic-structure image.     

A highly integrated 40-MIPS (peak) 64-b RISC microprocessor

A 1-million transistor 64-b microprocessor has been fabricated using 0.8-μm double-metal CMOS technology. A 40-MIPS (million instructions per second) and 20-MFLOPS (million floating-point operations per second) peak performance at 40 MHz is realized by a self-clocked register file and two translation lookaside buffers (TLBs) with word-line transition detection circuits. The processor contains an integer unit based on the SPARC (scalable processor architecture) RISC (reduced instruction set computer) architecture, a floating-point unit (FPU) which executes IEEE-754 single- and double-precision floating-point operations a 6-KB three-way set-associative physical instruction cache, a 2-KB two-way set-associative physical data cache, a memory management unit that has two TLBs, and a bus control unit with an ECC (error-correcting code) circuit