国内中小皮化企业如何适应激烈的市场竞争

总结了目前国内中、小皮化企业中存在的主要问题 :自主开发能力差 ,造成产品品种单一、配套性差 ;新产品市场推广能力也较差 ,造成即使有好的产品 ,也无法打开市场 ;而普遍存在的制革厂欠款 ,皮化企业自身体制陈旧及国外皮化公司的进一步本土化策略 ,使国内皮化企业面临更严峻的挑战。根据自身多年经营皮化材料的经验 ,提出了切实可行的应对措施     

Performance evaluation of a biotrickling filter degrading mixtures of hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds

The removal of a mixture of painting solvents from waste air using a biofiltration process was evaluated in this project. The pollutants removed included hydrophobic (aromatic hydrocarbons) and hydrophilic (water soluble ketones and esters) compounds. A trickle bed reactor with a defined immobilized mixed culture on polyethylene Pall rings was utilized in this biodegradation study. The removal efficiencies (RE) of the individual groups of pollutants during loading experiments were determined. An increase of the aromatic hydrocarbons loading resulted in a drop of their RE_AROM with no effect on the RE value of ketones. The overloading of ketones caused a rapid drop in RE_AROM and a small drop in RE_KET. To achieve a restoration of the biocatalyst degradation properties after the increase in loading, an addition of phosphate to the aqueous medium was implemented which successfully restored the removal efficiency.     

瓶级聚酯切片中乙醛含量的控制

对瓶级聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)原料中的乙醛含量、第三组份(间苯二甲酸)含量、原料比表面积以及工艺参数控制等对产品中乙醛含量的影响进行了讨论，得出了合适的工艺操作条件，并注意到预结晶单元和冷却单元的工艺参数控制对产品乙醛含量的影响最显著，从而为生产乙醛含量小于1．0μg/g的瓶级高粘度PET切片提供了参考。     

Twenty-five years of natural coordinates

In the early eighties, the author and co-workers created and further developed the natural coordinates to describe the motion of 2-D and 3-D multibody systems. Natural coordinates do not need angles or angular parameters to define orientation, leading to constant inertia matrices and to the simplest form of the constraint equations. Natural coordinates are composed by the Cartesian coordinates of some points and the Cartesian components of some unit vectors distributed on the different bodies of the system. The points and vectors can be located in the joints, being shared by contiguous bodies, decreasing or even eliminating the need to set joint constraints and reducing the total number of variables. However, other authors prefer not to share variables in order to get even simpler equations and to keep a bigger decoupling of equations, which is preferable in some cases. In this paper the history of natural coordinates is reviewed, as well as the main contributions coming from other research groups. In the second part of the paper some application areas in which natural coordinates can be particularly advantageous are examined. Commemorative Contribution.     

Passivity Analysis of Dynamic Neural Networks with Different Time-scales

Dynamic neural networks with different time-scales include the aspects of fast and slow phenomenons. Some applications require that the equilibrium points of the designed networks are stable. In this paper, the passivity-based approach is used to derive stability conditions for dynamic neural networks with different time-scales. Several stability properties, such as passivity, asymptotic stability, input-to-state stability and bounded input bounded output stability, are guaranteed in certain senses. A numerical example is also given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.     

Improving Neural Networks for Mechanism Kinematic Chain Isomorphism Identification

Detection of isomorphism among kinematic chains is essential in mechanical design, but difficult and computationally expensive. It has been shown that both traditional methods and previously presented neural networks still have a lot to be desired in aspects such as simplifying procedure of identification and adapting automatic computation. Therefore, a new algorithm based on a competitive Hopfield network is developed for automatic computation in the kinematic chain isomorphism problem. The neural approach provides directly interpretable solutions and does not demand tuning of parameters. We have tested the algorithm by solving problems reported in the recent mechanical literature. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the network that rapidly identifies isomorphic kinematic chains.     

Semi-supervised model adaptation for statistical machine translation

Statistical machine translation systems are usually trained on large amounts of bilingual text (used to learn a translation model), and also large amounts of monolingual text in the target language (used to train a language model). In this article we explore the use of semi-supervised model adaptation methods for the effective use of monolingual data from the source language in order to improve translation quality. We propose several algorithms with this aim, and present the strengths and weaknesses of each one. We present detailed experimental evaluations on the French–English EuroParl data set and on data from the NIST Chinese–English large-data track. We show a significant improvement in translation quality on both tasks.     

Fast and accurate pricing of discretely monitored barrier options by numerical path integration

Barrier options are financial derivative contracts that are activated or deactivated according to the crossing of specified barriers by an underlying asset price. Exact models for pricing barrier options assume continuous monitoring of the underlying dynamics, usually a stock price. Barrier options in traded markets, however, nearly always assume less frequent observation, e.g. daily or weekly. These situations require approximate solutions to the pricing problem. We present a new approach to pricing such discretely monitored barrier options that may be applied in many realistic situations. In particular, we study daily monitored up-and-out call options of the European type with a single underlying stock. The approach is based on numerical approximation of the transition probability density associated with the stochastic differential equation describing the stock price dynamics, and provides accurate results in less than one second whenever a contract expires in a year or less. The flexibility of the method permits more complex underlying dynamics than the Black and Scholes paradigm, and its relative simplicity renders it quite easy to implement.