甲醇-乙醇-水三元系精馏分离流程研究

提出了甲醇 乙醇 水三元系的分离问题。计算结果表明 ,足够量甲醇的存在可破坏乙醇和水之间的共沸现象 ,使采用普通精馏制取高浓度乙醇成为可能。当甲醇浓度大于 0 .6 15摩尔分率时 ,乙醇和水之间的共沸点完全消失。可通过循环甲醇调整进料中甲醇的含量 ,一定量甲醇的循环可显著降低精馏塔的投资费用。在示例中 ,有甲醇循环时的最小塔费用仅相当于无甲醇循环时的 40 %。实验结果证实了流程的可行性 ,相近的流程已应用于工业生产中。     

Synthesis and Growth Mechanism of TiC Whiskers by Carbothermal Reduction of Titania/Microcrystalline Cellulose

TiC whiskers were synthesized by a typical chloride‐assisted carbothermal reduction method using microcrystalline cellulose as a novel carbon source. Unlike previous research, Faceted TiC whiskers on the titanium oxide particles (Ti₃O₅) were epitaxially grown via vapor–solid mechanism without catalyst. Liquid–liquid separation was used for product purification. A 90–95 vol% yield of TiC whiskers was observed, with 0.5 μm in diameter and 40–60 μm in length. X‐ray diffraction study indicated that the lattice parameter of TiC increased (from 4.288 to 4.321 Å) with increasing the C/Ti ratio and sintering temperature. Preferred growth was found to be the [100] direction from the lattice‐resolved imaging. This study provided not only a new simple method for synthesizing TiC whiskers but also a new insight into the growth mode for TiC whiskers.     

Microstructural Evolution in Liquid-Phase-Sintered SiC: Part I, Effect of Starting Powder

The effect of starting SiC powder (β-SiC or α-SiC), with simultaneous additions of Al₂O₃ and Y₂O₃, on the microstructural evolution of liquid-phase-sintered (LPS) SiC has been studied. When using α-SiC starting powder, the resulting microstructures contain hexagonal platelike α-SiC grains with an average aspect ratio of 1.4. This anisotropic coarsening is consistent with interface energy anisotropy in α-SiC. When using β-SiC starting powder, the β→α phase transformation induces additional anisotropy in the coarsening of platelike SiC grains. A strong correlation between the extent of β→α phase transformation, as determined using quantitative XRD analysis, and the average grain aspect ratio is observed, with the maximum average aspect ratio reaching 3.8. Based on these observations and additional SEM and TEM characterizations of the microstructures, a model for the growth of these high-aspect-ratio SiC grains is proposed.     

自掺杂NiO/SrTiO_(3-x)异质结的合成及可见光催化性能研究

通过两步法合成了一种新颖的NiO/SrTiO_(3-x)异质结光催化剂,首先,通过高温固相法合成不同Ti~(3+)自掺杂的SrTiO_(3-x),再利用浸渍法合成NiO/SrTiO_(3-x)异质结。X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外可见漫反射(UV-vis-DRS)等仪器被系统的用来表征SrTiO_(3-x)和NiO/SrTiO_(3-x)异质结,并对它们的物理化学性质进行分析。在可见光条件下用罗丹明B来考察样品的光催化活性,研究表明NiO/SrTiO_(3-x)具有优异的光催化性能,远远优于Ti~(3+)自掺杂的SrTiO_(3-x)。而且,NiO/SrTiO_(3-x)异质结的循环实验结果表明该材料不仅具有高效的光催化剂性能,而且还拥有良好的稳定性。     

可再分散乳胶粉的研究进展及其应用

本文简述了可再分散乳胶粉的性能。着重介绍了可再分散乳胶粉的制备,包括单体及配方的选择、聚合方法和干燥工艺,综述了可再分散乳胶粉的改性及其在建筑腻子、外墙外保温材料、内外墙装饰材料、地坪材料等方面的应用。指出以水溶性高分子为乳液聚合主要稳定剂的乳液聚合是一种新的思路。     

正交试验法优化黑龙骨地上茎中总黄酮的提取工艺

目的:优选黑龙骨地上茎中总黄酮的超声提取工艺。方法:以黑龙骨地上茎中总黄酮提取率为指标,采用超声波提取法,利用正交试验法,考察溶剂乙醇浓度、提取时间和料液比三个因素,确定最佳提取工艺。结果:三因素对总黄酮提取率的影响主次顺序为ABC,优选的提取工艺条件是乙醇浓度为50%,料液比为1∶10,超声时间60 min。结论:优选的提取工艺稳定可行,提取率高。     

三维正交机织铜丝／玻璃纤维层间混杂复合材料的拉伸和弯曲性能研究

本文设计和制作了两种层间混杂结构的三维正交机织铜丝／玻璃纤维复合材料,分别为铜丝单面混杂和双面混杂复合材料。两种复合材料的拉伸性能和弯曲性能测试结果表明,单面铜丝／玻璃纤维混杂复合材料的归一化拉伸强度和模量分别为1214MPa和83GPa;高于双面铜丝／玻纤混杂复合材料44％和51％。单面铜丝／玻璃纤维混杂复合材料的归一化弯曲强度为964NPa,高于双面铜丝／玻纤复合材料27％。两者的弯曲模量比较接近,均为60GPa左右。由于铜丝的混杂效应,三维正交机织铜丝／玻璃纤维层间混杂复合材料的拉伸和弯曲性能与相同结构的玻璃纤维复合材料相比有一定的下降。     

一种新型嵌入式行星螺杆挤出机及其混沌混合行为

提出了一种新型嵌入式行星螺杆挤出机结构,引入了周期性扰动及排气功能,研制成功1.5代实验样机。对嵌入式行星螺杆内流动与混合开展了数值模拟研究,初步进行了线性低密度聚乙烯填充10%CaCO3挤出样品扫描电子显微镜测试,并与同向双螺杆挤出机挤出样品进行了对比分析。证实了行星螺杆的周期性扰动可以导致混沌混合的发生,有利于螺杆压力的建立、能有效提高物料分散混合效果和提高制品质量。     

基于特征选择和时间卷积网络的工业控制系统入侵检测

针对工业控制系统流量数据存在特征冗余及深度学习模型对较小规模数据集检测能力较差的问题,提出了一种基于特征选择和时间卷积网络的工业控制系统入侵检测模型。首先,对源域数据集的异常特征和样本不平衡数据进行处理,提高源域数据集质量。其次,针对流量数据的特征冗余,利用信息增益率和主成分分析法构建IGR-PCA特征选择算法,筛选出最优特征子集实现数据降维。然后,根据工业控制系统流量数据的时间序列特性,在较大规模的源域数据集上,利用时间卷积网络（temporal convolution network,TCN）对时间序列数据优异的处理能力,构建源域时间卷积网络预训练模型。最后,在较小规模的目标域数据集上,结合迁移学习（transfer learning,TL）微调策略,获取源域样本数据的流量特征,构建目标域TCN-TL模型。利用公开的工业控制系统数据集进行实验测试,实验结果表明：流量数据经本文特征算法处理后,相较于其他方法,在降低数据维度减少计算量的同时仍具有良好的检测效果;在较大规模的源域数据集和较小规模的目标域数据集上,本文模型均取得了良好的检测效果,在目标域中利用迁移学习微调策略能够学习到源域中的知识,模型检测准确率为99.06%,在训练时间对比中,本文模型训练时间消耗更少,具有更好的泛化能力,能够更好地保护工业控制系统安全。     

Immunomodulatory Activity of Recombinant Ricin Toxin Binding Subunit B (RTB)

Ricin toxin binding subunit B (RTB) is one of the subunits of the ricin protein. RTB has been used as adjuvant, but little is known about its mechanism. In this study, we found that RTB increased not only nitric oxide (NO) release, but also tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 production in mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells. They subsequently exhibited enhanced ConA-induced T-cell and LPS-induced B-cell proliferative responses. We also examined the cytokines that were produced from splenocytes following in vitro RTB administration. Increased levels of IL-2, interferon (IFN)-γ and TNF-α were observed, while IL-4 and IL-5 were unaffected. These results demonstrate that recombinant RTB can act on the immune system and activate T-cells by introducing a Th1 immune response. Th1 cells might be the primary cellular target affected by RTB. Our results suggest that the recombinant RTB can promote the activation of macrophages and has a beneficial effect on immunomodulatory activity.