电子束光刻中的辐照损伤

本文研究了电子束光刻中电子能量(10—30keV)和电荷剂量(10~(-6)—10~(-3)C·cm~(-2))对铝栅MOS电容器的损伤和低温退火(<500℃)的影响。研究电子束光刻中高能量(30keV)和高剂量(10~(-3)C·cm~(-2))电子束引起的损伤,对电子束汽相显影光刻和电子束无显影光刻是有实际意义的。实验表明,平带电压的损伤可高达十几伏,界面态密度可高达10~(12)cm~(-2)eV~(-1)以上。在一定电荷剂量下,平带电压的损伤对电子能量的变化(在一定范围内)不敏感。在一定电子能量下,界面态密度的损伤对电荷剂量的变化(在一定范围内)不敏感。低温(<500℃)退火能完全消除平带电压的损伤,但不能完全消除界面态密度的损伤。     

Irradiation damages in electron beam lithography

 The irradiation damages in the electron beam lithography(EBL)to Al-gate MOS capacitors in the ranges of 10—30keV and 10~(-6)—10~(-3)C·cm~(-2) and the effects of annealing on damages at low temperature(<500℃)are given.The research on damages caused by high electron energy(30keV) and ultra-high dosages(10~(-4)—10~(-3) C·cm~(-2))is important and useful to the EBL.The resolution can be improved by high electron energy.Both the EBL with vapor-development and without development are all operated at ultra-high dosages.After irradiations,the concentrations of inter- face states can increase by about one to two orders of magnitude and the flat-band voltages by about a few to more than ten volts.Under constant exposure dosages,the fiat-band voltages are independent of the changes of electron energies in certain energy ranges.Under constant electron energies the concentrations of interface states are independent of the changes of exposure dosages in certain dosage ranges.After annealing,the flat-band voltages can recover the values before the irradiations for energies and dosages in the ranges of 10—30keV and 1×10~(-6)—6×10~(-3)C·cm~(-2) respectively.The interface state concentrations due to the damages of ultra dosages can not be removed completely.     

Low temperature annealing of metals with electrical wind force effects

Conventional annealing is a slow, high temperature process that involves heating atoms uniformly, i.e., in both defective and crystalline regions. This study explores an electrical alternative for energy efficiency,where moderate current density is used to generate electron wind force that produces the same outcome as the thermal annealing process. We demonstrate this on a zirconium alloy using in-situ electron back scattered diffraction(EBSD) inside a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and juxtaposing the results with that from thermal annealing. Contrary to common belief that resistive heating is the dominant factor, we show that 5 × 10~4 A/cm~2 current density can anneal the material in less than 15 min at only135?C. The resulting microstructure is essentially the same as that obtained with 600?C processing for360 min. We propose that unlike temperature, the electron wind force specifically targets the defective regions, which leads to unprecedented time and energy efficiency. This hypothesis was investigated with molecular dynamics simulation that implements mechanical equivalent of electron wind force to provide the atomistic insights on defect annihilation and grain growth.     

白兰地挥发性芳香族化合物的初步探究

香气成分是评判白兰地酒品质的一个重要感官指标,而芳香族化合物是各种蒸馏酒的重要香气组分。该文收集了已检测到的72种白兰地中挥发性芳香族化合物,描述了其的香气特征,并简述了重要芳香族化合物的的来源及形成机理。     

基于工艺优选的冠突曲霉发酵桑寄生茶防治非酒精性脂肪肝病的潜在机制研究

目的：建立冠突曲霉发酵桑寄生茶最佳工艺,探究冠突曲霉发酵桑寄生茶防治非酒精性脂肪肝病(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)的潜在机制。方法：采用层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP),以主要化学成分和感官审评为评价指标,通过单因素实验和正交试验对冠突曲霉发酵桑寄生茶的加工工艺进行优化。通过“0.1%蛋黄粉+5 mmol·mL^-1 硫代乙酰胺”诱导斑马鱼幼鱼NAFLD模型,探究冠突曲霉发酵桑寄生茶对NAFLD的防治作用。通过超高效液相色谱串联-四级杆-飞行时间质谱技术(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)和网络药理学,筛选关键成分和核心靶点并进行分子对接。结果：最佳发酵工艺为含水量35%,渥堆时间3 h,菌液浓度1×10⁶ CFU·mL^-1 ,发酵时间7 d。冠突曲霉发酵桑寄生茶通过降低总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶达到防治NAFLD的效果(P<0.05)。通过UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS分析得到14个差异...     

GC-MS/O结合香气活性值表征烧麦中关键香气成分及其贮存过程中的变化情况

为确定烧麦中的关键香气成分及其贮存过程中的变化情况,采用溶剂萃取结合溶剂辅助风味成分蒸发提取烧麦中的挥发性成分,所得提取物经气相色谱-嗅闻联用仪与气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析,共鉴定出50个香气活性成分。通过香气提取物稀释分析,测定香气活性成分的香气稀释因子,其中1-辛烯-3-醇、茴香脑、愈创木酚、2-戊基呋喃等具有最高的香气稀释因子（6 561）。采用内标标准曲线法对37个香气稀释因子不低于81的成分进行定量分析;根据定量结果和阈值,计算物质的香气活性值,其中21个香气活性成分的香气活性值不低于1,被确定为烧麦的关键香气成分。通过分析室温贮存0～13个月后烧麦中37个成分含量并计算其香气活性值,发现烧麦贮存过程中关键香气成分的数量不变,除酱油酮、己醛和4-乙烯基愈创木酚的含量下降外,烧麦中多数重要香气活性成分含量变化较小。     

Effects of doxycycline in actively purging cholera patients: a double-blind clinical trial

In 51 actively purging cholera patients the efficacy of doxycycline, a long-acting tetracycline, was compared with a placebo and tetracycline hydrochloride. Seventeen patients who were given doxycycline at the recommended dose of 2 mg/kg at the beginning of the study, at 12 h, and at the repeated dose once daily purged a mean volume of 5.1 liters of stool and received an average of 5.7 liters of intravenous fluid. Nineteen patients receiving the placebo purged 10.1 liters of stool and received 9.7 liters of fluid. Fifteen patients given tetracycline hydrochloride at 6-h intervals passed 4.8 liters of stool and received 5.5 liters of fluid. The durations of diarrhea calculated in 8-h periods were 3.5, 8.0, and 4.1 h in the respective groups receiving doxycycline, placebo, and tetracycline. The differences between the doxycycline and placebo treatments and the tetracycline and placebo treatments were statistically significant. Those receiving doxycycline became vibrio-free in about 3 days as compared with 2 days for those receiving tetracycline; the group given the placebo were vibrio positive for the duration of their hospitalization. The results show that in the treatment of cholera the administration of doxycycline once daily has effects equal to those when tetracycline is administered at 6-h intervals. This is a distinct advantage because it decreases the demand on nursing personnel in epidemics. Also, doxycycline may be safely administered in cases of suspected renal failure from prolonged shock in cholera.     

The airway resistance-lung volume plot as a measurement of the closing volume

Following abdominal surgery, insulin and glucose concentrations in the portal vein, and a peripheral vein are compared in patients during control periods and after oral administration of glucose. During the control period, the glucose concentrations are identical in both veins. After glucose loads with the prompt increase of portal glucose concentration the portal-peripheral difference also increases (p less than 0.01). During the control period the insulin concentration in the portal vein is double as compared to peripheral blood (p less than 0.005). After glucose load the increasing portal insulin as well as the peripheral and portal glucose correlate with the portal-peripheral insulin difference (p less than 0.001). Furthermore, there is a significant positive correlation between the peripheral glucose area as a parameter of glucose tolerance and the portal insulin area as a semiquantitative parameter of insulin secretory capacity (p less than 0.001). It can be concluded that in the early postoperative period in patients with a diminished oral glucose tolerance (large glucose areas) there is an even greater insulin response in comparison to patients with normal oral glucose tolerance. On the other hand, however, in those patients with diminished glucose tolerance, the insulin response is essentially delayed.     

不同培养条件对禾谷镰刀菌产玉米赤霉烯酮的影响

研究不同培养条件对禾谷镰刀菌（Fusarium graminearum）产玉米赤霉烯酮（zearalenone,ZEN）能力的影响。选取不同的培养基配比、培养时间、培养温度、摇床转速及光暗反应对禾谷镰刀菌进行培养。在单因素试验的基础上,分别采用正交试验设计和响应面设计的方法进行统计学分析。结果表明：禾谷镰刀菌的最适培养基为每升超纯水含葡萄糖60 g、KNO3 1.5 g、酵母浸出膏1.0 g、蛋白胨20 g、NaNO3 6.0 g、MgSO4 0.5 g、K2HPO4·3H2O 1.0 g、KCl 0.5 g、Fe2(SO4)3 0.025 g;当摇床转速为92 r/min、照明时间为10 h/d、培养温度为22.9 ℃时,20 d毒素质量浓度可达到249.80 μg/L。