复合量程微加速度计动态特性分析

介绍一种复合量程微加速度计,并分析其加速度计的阻尼比、幅频特性和相频特性,计算出其工作的频响范围。对加速度计的动态特性进行测试,对比分析理论计算结果与测试结果,验证该复合量程加速度计满足设计要求,可以有效地工作在4个量程范围内。     

SIMULATION OF THIN-FILM DEODORIZERS IN PALM OIL REFINING

As the need for healthier fats and oils (natural vitamin and trans fat contents) and interest in biofuels are growing, many changes in the world's vegetable oil market are driving the oil industry to developing new technologies and recycling traditional ones. Computational simulation is widely used in the chemical and petrochemical industries as a tool for optimization and design of (new) processes, but that is not the case for the edible oil industry. Thin-film deodorizers are novel equipment developed for steam deacidification of vegetable oils, and no work on the simulation of this type of equipment could be found in the open literature. This paper tries to fill this gap by presenting results from the study of the effect of processing variables, such as temperature, pressure and percentage of stripping steam, in the final quality of product (deacidified palm oil) in terms of final oil acidity, the tocopherol content and neutral oil loss. The simulation results have been evaluated by using the response surface methodology. The model generated by the statistical analysis for tocopherol retention has been validated by matching its results with industrial data published in the open literature.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

This work is a continuation of our previous works ( Ceriani and Meirelles 2004a, 2006 ; Ceriani et al. 2008 ), dealing with the simulation of continuous deodorization and/or steam deacidification for a variety of vegetable oils using stage-wised columns, and analyzing both the countercurrent and the cross-flow patterns. In this work, we have studied thin-film deodorizers, which are novel equipment developed for steam deacidification of vegetable oils. Here, we highlight issues related to final oil product quality and the corresponding process variables.     

High-gain observers for non-linear systems

State estimation for non-linear dynamic systems is discussed. A high-gain injection from the output variables is used to attenuate to any desired degree, the effect of the non-linear terms on the estimation errors, which can be made arbitrarily small, from a particular observable form. Some Liapunov arguments are used to study the stability properties of the resulting error dynamics. It is shown that any completely observable multi-input multi-output non-linear system, not necessarily linear in the input variables, can be transformed, by means of a change of coordinates depending on the input variables, in such an observable form. In particular, the solvability of partial differential equations is not needed for the design of this transformation.     

基于Verilog HDL设计实现的乘法器性能研究

本文在设计实现乘法器时,采用了4-2和5-2混合压缩器对部分积进行压缩,减少了乘法器的延时和资源占用率;经xilinx ISE和Quartus Ⅱ两种集成开发环境下的综合仿真测试,与用Verilog HDL语言实现的两位阵列乘法器和传统的Booth编码乘法器进行了性能比较,得出用这种混合压缩的器乘法器要比传统的4-2压缩器构成的乘法器速度提高了10%,硬件资源占用减少了1%.     

导航接收机上位机软件的设计与开发

本文以GPS导航接收机的研制为背景,在VC MFC AppWizard环境中针对上位机软件进行了详细的说明,其中包括上位机与下位机之间的数据通信、数据的实时显示、实时绘图、线程的使用、用户界面的设计等等.重点介绍了软件在开发过程中的要点和难点.其后,通过与下位机连接,运行GPS导航接收机程序验证了上位机软件开发的正确性、实用性、直观性.     

EFFECT OF OPERATING CONDITIONS ON GAS HOLDUP IN SLURRY BUBBLE COLUMNS WITH A FOAMING LIQUID

This work presents experimental data on gas holdup in slurry bubble columns with a foaming liquid. The effects of solids concentration, solid particle size, superficial phase velocities and column dimensions on the gas holdup are analyzed. At low superficial gas velocities (less than 4cm/s), for which the liquid does not foam, the presence of solids with small particle size does not affect the gas holdup whereas solids with large particle size induce foam formation and thus their presence increases the gas holdup. In the foaming regime, an increase of solids concentration decreases the gas holdup. The operating mode has a strong effect on the gas holdup: the semi-batch operating mode (stagnant liquid-solid suspension) increases the ability of the liquid to foam with respect to the continuous mode. Regarding the effect of column dimensions, the results presented show that the height of the bubble column does not affect at an appreciable extent the gas holdup in the range 6 < LID < 12. At high gas velocities (greater than 6 cm/s) the gas holdups obtained in a 30 cm-internal diameter column are the same as those measured in a 10 cm-internal diameter column.