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61.
Summary The surface modification of low-density polyethylene(PE) by liquid phase photograft polymerization with acrylic acid(AA), acrylamide(AM) and glycidyl methacrylate(GMA) was described. The grafting of AA and AM was proved and characterized by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis(ESCA). It was found that fully hydrophilic surface can be obtained in very short irradiation time. With ESCA and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy(ATR-IR), it can be confirmed that bifunctional monomer GMA was grafted onto the PE film surface. Through further reaction with GMA grafted film, heparin and protamine were immobilized onto the grafted film surface. 相似文献
62.
Hyun Ju Lim Sung Jun Lee Han Gon Choi Jung Ae Kim Chul Soon Yong Sung Soo Han Seok Kyun Noh Jinho Jang Won Seok Lyoo 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2007,106(5):3268-3272
High‐molecular‐weight atactic poly(vinyl alcohol) (a‐PVA) gels loaded with (R,S)‐2‐(3‐benzoylphenyl)propionic acid (ketoprofen) were prepared from 5, 6, 7, and 8 g/dL solutions of a‐PVA with a number‐average degree of polymerization of 4000 in an ethylene glycol/water mixture with an aging method to identify the effect of the initial polymer concentration on the swelling behavior, morphology, and thermal properties of a‐PVA gels. Then, the release behavior of ketoprofen from a‐PVA gels was investigated. As the polymer concentration decreased, the ability for network formation decreased, and the degree of swelling of the a‐PVA gels increased. In addition, the enthalpy increased with an increase in the a‐PVA concentration, but the melting temperatures of the gels prepared at different initial polymer concentrations were the same; this indicated that tighter gel networks would be formed by a higher polymer chain density. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007 相似文献
63.
Eddy characteristics on mass transfer close to free interface 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The velocity fluctuations in the immediate vicinity of a free interface were measured with a hot film anemometer. And mass
transfer rates and eddy exposure times were analyzed by using the method of deterministic approach. These mass transfer rates
were compared with the mass transfer rates by means of concentration measurements in the air-water system.
The eddy exposure time distributions obtained from velocity data were skewed toward the lower time value. The contribution
of eddies wi:h small exposure time was increased as the liquid became more turbulent. The mass transfer rates were mainly
contributed by the Prandtl size eddies and even larger eddies. The mass transfer predictions by the single eddy model employing
a deterministic method were in good agreement with the experimental results by independent measurements of concentration. 相似文献
64.
Converting random bits into random numbers is necessary for cryptographic protocols such as key agreements, public key encryptions, digital signatures and so on. In this paper, we propose the simple partial discard method and the complex partial discard method that convert random bits into random numbers. They are up to two times more efficient than standardized techniques. 相似文献
65.
The effect of adsorbed polymer on the stability of alumina suspension was investigated. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(acrylic
acid) (PAA) and similar kinds of polymer salts were used as a dispersant. The amount of polymer adsorbed on alumina surface
and the suspension stability was measured. The pH, molecular weight, and concentration were considered as experimental parameters.
PEO shows low affinity on the alumina surface while PAA has high affinity. In the case of PAA adsorption, the surface charge
change by polymer adsorption influences suspension stability strongly, but not in the case of PEO adsorption. In simultaneous
adsorption of PEO and PAA, the PAA concentration was fixed and PEO concentration was varied. The stability of suspension increased
with increasing PEO concentration, and this is partly due to the steric stabilization by adsorption of PAA-PEO complex or
adsorption of PEO through pre-adsorbed PAA and the depletion effect of non-adsorbed polymer. Suspension adsorbing sodium salts
of PAA and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) each showed similar stability. But, when the PEO and these kinds of salts were added
together to the suspension, the one with PAA sodium salt could keep a higher stability even with lower molecular weights of
PEO compared with suspension with PMA sodium salt. 相似文献
66.
A pilot-scale sludge treatment plant was built to investigate the feasibility of ozonation processes for waste activated sludge treatment. Ozonation of wastewater sludge resulted in mass reduction by mineralization as well as by supernatant and filtrate recycle. Another advantage of sludge ozonation is a significant improvement of settleability and dewaterability. Experimental results showed that mass reduction of 70% and volume reduction of 85% compared with the control sludge was achieved through the sludge ozonation at a dose of 0.5?gO3/gDS. It is also interesting to note that the filterability deteriorates up to ozone dose of 0.2?gO3/gDS and then improves considerably at a higher ozone dose. The filterability could be improved by chemical conditioning even at a low ozone dose. The economic feasibility by cost analysis reveals that ozonation processes can be more economical than other alternative processes for sludge treatment and disposal at small-sized wastewater treatment plants. 相似文献
67.
Free radical solution polymerization of styrene has been studied using a binary mixture of symmetrical bifunctional initiators in a filled tubular reactor packed with static mixers. Owing to intensive radial mixing induced by the static mixers, a near plug flow pattern was obtained in the reactor with some axial dispersion effect. The axial mass dispersion coefficient was determined from the residence time distribution experiment and a dynamic axial dispersion model has been developed and solved to investigate steady state and transient behavior of the filled tubular reactor. With a solvent volume fraction of 0.3, the monomer conversion up to 70% was obtained without fouling problems in the temperature range 90 to 120°C. The experimental filled tubular reactor was operated under various reaction conditions and a reasonably good agreement between the model and the experimental data was obtained without using any adjustable parameters. 相似文献
68.
Jong-Ho Ryu Jong Hyun Seo Jae-Han Jeong Sung-Kap Kim Dong Nyung Lee 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2004,34(9):879-884
A study has been made of the electrochemical etching of 99.99% aluminum foils at a current density of 50 mA cm–2in AlCl3–HCl solutions (1 m Cl–) at 80 °C. The solutions were made by dissolving metallic aluminum into 1m HCl solution, to give a Cl– concentration of 1 m. The number density of etch tunnels and the homogeneity of tunnel length decreased, and the mean pit size and its standard deviation increased with increasing Al3+ concentration. The results were discussed based on potential transients at a current density of 50 mA cm–2, current–potential curves at a scan rate of 10 m Vs–1 and electrochemical impedance spectra. 相似文献
69.
Won Seok Lyoo Han Do Ghim Hee‐Sam Kim Joon Ho Kim Sam Soo Kim Won Sik Yoon Jinwon Lee Sang‐Seob Lee 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2002,86(14):3667-3672
N‐Vinylcarbazole (VCZ) was solution‐polymerized in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at ?20, 0, and 20°C using the photoinitiation method; the effects of the amount of solvent, polymerization temperature, and photoinitiator concentration were investigated. On the whole, the experimental results corresponded to predicted ones. Low polymerization temperature using photoinitiation proved to be successful in obtaining poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PVCZ) of a high molecular weight with a smaller temperature rise during polymerization; nevertheless of free radical polymerization by 2,2′‐azobis(2,4‐dimethylvaleronitrile) (ADMVN). The photo‐solution polymerization rate of VCZ in THF was proportional to the 0.47 power of ADMVN concentration. The molecular weight was higher and the molecular weight distribution was narrower with PVCZ polymerized at lower temperatures. For PVCZ prepared in THF at ?20°C using a photoinitiator concentration of 0.00005 mol/mol of VCZ, a weight‐average molecular weight of 510,000 was obtained, with a polydispersity index of 1.73, and a degree of lightness converged to about 99%. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3667–3672, 2002 相似文献
70.
Ji‐Sun Im Ju‐Hyung Lee Seung‐Kook An Ki‐Won Song Nam‐Ju Jo Jang‐Oo Lee Kohji Yoshinaga 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2006,100(3):2053-2061
A new type of polyimide/silica (PI/SiO2) hybrid composite films was prepared by blending polymer‐modified colloidal silica with the semiflexible polyimide. Polyimide was solution‐imidized at higher temperature than the glass transition temperature (Tg) using 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA). The morphological observation on the prepared hybrid films by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pointed to the existence of miscible organic–inorganic phase, which resulted in improved mechanical properties compared with pure PI. The incorporation of the silica structures in the PI matrix also increased both Tg and thermal stability of the resulting films. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2053–2061, 2006 相似文献