Bromine, Chlorine, and Iodine Determination in Soybean and its Products by ICP-MS After Digestion Using Microwave-Induced Combustion

A method for bromine, chlorine, and iodine determination in soybean and related products was developed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after digestion by microwave-induced combustion (MIC). Samples were pressed as pellets and combusted using pressurized oxygen (20 bar) and ammonium nitrate solution (50 μL of 6 mol L^?1) as the igniter. Analytes were absorbed in alkaline solution (100 mmol L^?1 NH₄OH), and a reflux step of 5 min, microwave power of 1,400 W, was applied after combustion in order to improve analyte recoveries. For Cl determination by ICP-MS, a dynamic reaction cell was used with ammonia as the reaction gas. The accuracy was evaluated using certified reference materials (CRMs) and spiked samples. Using MIC, the agreement with CRM values and spike recoveries was higher than 95 % for all analytes for certified reference materials of a similar composition (National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), corn bran and NIST, whole milk). Limits of detection were 0.03, 1.2, and 0.002 μg g^?1 for Br, Cl, and I, respectively. The residual carbon content in the digests obtained after MIC procedure was lower than 0.5 %. Blanks were always negligible and no memory effects were observed. Digestion by MIC allowed processing up to eight samples by each run in 25 min with high efficiency of digestion providing a suitable medium for further bromine, chlorine, and iodine determination by ICP-MS.     

硫酸催化制备橡胶籽油生物柴油工艺及脱色研究

通过正交试验研究了硫酸催化制备橡胶籽油生物柴油的工艺条件,并以活性白土为脱色剂,考察了脱色条件对橡胶籽油生物柴油脱色率的影响.研究发现,硫酸催化制备橡胶籽油生物柴油的较佳工艺条件为:醇油物质的量比20∶1,催化剂用量为橡胶籽油质量的2％,反应时间8h,反应温度65℃.在此条件下,生物柴油转化率达到83.16％.橡胶籽油生物柴油脱色处理的较佳工艺条件为:活性白土用量为生物柴油质量的7％,脱色时间30 min,脱色温度80℃.在此条件下,生物柴油脱色率达到75.65％.     

热处理过程鸡翅品质变化的动力学模型

研究了肉鸡、蛋鸡鸡翅100℃热处理过程品质变化反应动力学模型。结果表明:在120 min的热处理过程中,肉鸡鸡翅蒸煮损失明显高于蛋鸡,而面积收缩明显小于蛋鸡,蒸煮损失、面积收缩率变化均遵循修正一级动力学方程;肉鸡、蛋鸡鸡翅色泽变化经过白化和褐变2个阶段,在褐变过程色泽指标(L*,a*,b*,△E)遵循零级反应动力学方程;热处理过程,蛋鸡鸡翅韧性远高于肉鸡,剪切力的变化曲线均出现2个峰,第1个峰均在加热的第30 min,其增韧和嫩化阶段遵循一级反应动力学方程;热处理过程,蛋鸡鸡翅质构指标(硬度、弹性、内聚性、咀嚼性和回复性)均高于肉鸡,其中硬度、弹性和咀嚼性变化曲线均有一个明显峰值,其增加阶段均遵循一级反应动力学方程。     

Functional Properties of Plasticized Bio-Based Poly(Lactic Acid)_Poly(Hydroxybutyrate) (PLA_PHB) Films for Active Food Packaging

Fully bio-based and biodegradable active films based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blended with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and incorporating lactic acid oligomers (OLA) as plasticizers and carvacrol as active agent were extruded and fully characterized in their functional properties for antimicrobial active packaging. PLA_PHB films showed good barrier to water vapor, while the resistance to oxygen diffusion decreased with the addition of OLA and carvacrol. Their overall migration in aqueous food simulant was determined and no significant changes were observed by the addition of carvacrol and OLA to the PLA_PHB formulations. However, the effect of both additives in fatty food simulant can be considered a positive feature for the potential protection of foodstuff with high fat content. Moreover, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the proposed formulations increased by the presence of carvacrol, with enhanced activity against Staphylococcus aureus if compared to Escherichia coli at short and long incubation times. These results underlined the specific antimicrobial properties of these bio-films suggesting their applicability in active food packaging.     

Corneo-scleral contact lenses in an uncommon case of keratoconus with high hyperopia and astigmatism

Purpose

To analyse the visual quality achieved by fitting corneo-scleral contact lenses (CScL) in an uncommon case of bilateral keratoconus, high hyperopia and astigmatism.

转Bt玉米暴露对亲代及子代大鼠免疫细胞分型及细胞因子的影响

为研究转苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)基因抗虫玉米长期食用对大鼠免疫的影响,以其亲本非转基因玉米饲料及商业饲料为对照,分别采用流式细胞术及液相芯片法检测喂养90 d后亲代及子代刚断乳大鼠外周血、脾脏免疫细胞分型及相关血清细胞因子的表达。结果发现,转Bt基因抗虫玉米饲料组亲代大鼠外周血和脾脏及子代脾脏各淋巴细胞亚群(CD4~+、CD8~+、TCRαβ~+、TCRγδ~+)的细胞数量比例及亲代血清中10种细胞因子表达水平均与非转基因玉米饲料组无显著差异(P0.05);子代外周血B淋巴细胞数量比例显著增高,巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-1α、单核细胞趋化因子-1β、白细胞介素-5表达水平明显降低(P0.05)。结果表明:转Bt基因抗虫玉米暴露90 d对亲代大鼠免疫系统影响不大;对子代刚断乳大鼠的细胞免疫及体液免疫有一定的影响。     

响应面优化酶法提取虎斑乌贼肌肉多糖的工艺及抗氧化活性测定

研究胰蛋白酶提取虎斑乌贼肌肉多糖的工艺及体外抗氧化活性,并与水提法和碱提法的多糖进行比较。在单因素试验基础上以响应面法优化酶法提取多糖的工艺,结果显示最佳工艺条件为:酶解温度55℃、料液比1∶40(g/mL)、酶解时间4 h、加酶量2.5%,此时虎斑乌贼肌肉多糖得率为4.15%,优于水提法和碱提法的多糖得率。体外抗氧化活性研究表明酶法提取的多糖比碱提和水提的多糖具有更好的抗氧化活性,当多糖质量浓度为4 mg/mL时,水提、碱提和酶提虎斑乌贼肌肉多糖对·OH的清除率分别为50.15%、55.14%和89.47%,其IC50值分别为4.51、3.56 mg/mL和0.82 mg/mL;对DPPH自由基的清除率分别为28.89%、31.48%和40.80%,其IC50值分别为16.66、15.43 mg/mL和11.50 mg/mL;对O2-·的清除率分别为75.43%、81.63%和97.00%,其IC50值分别为1.15、0.69 mg/mL和0.29 mg/mL;还原力大小分别为0.134、0.156和0.193。综合分析表明,酶提法得到的多糖得率较高且具有较好的体外抗氧化活性。