The Complete Loss of p53 Expression Uniquely Predicts Worse Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer

p53 immunohistochemistry is considered an accurate surrogate marker reflecting the underlying TP53 mutation status and has utility in tumor diagnostics. In the present study, 269 primary CRCs were immunohistochemically evaluated for p53 expression to assess its utility in diagnostic pathology and prognostication. p53 expression was wild-type in 59 cases (23%), overexpressed in 143 cases (55%), completely lost in 50 cases (19%), and cytoplasmic in 10 cases (4%). p53 immunoreactivity was associated with tumor size (p = 0.0056), mucus production (p = 0.0015), and mismatch repair (MMR) system status (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, among CRCs with wild-type p53 expression, a significantly higher number of cases had decreased CDX2 than those with p53 overexpression (p = 0.012) or complete p53 loss (p = 0.043). In contrast, among CRCs with p53 overexpression, there were significantly fewer ALCAM-positive cases than p53 wild-type cases (p = 0.0045). However, no significant association was detected between p53 immunoreactivity and the “stem-like” immunophenotype defined by CDX2 downregulation and ALCAM-positivity. Multivariate Cox hazards regression analysis identified tubular-forming histology (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.17, p < 0.0001), younger age (HR = 0.52, p = 0.021), and female sex (HR = 0.55, p = 0.046) as potential favorable factors. The analysis also revealed complete p53 loss (HR = 2.16, p = 0.0087), incomplete resection (HR = 2.65, p = 0.0068), and peritoneal metastasis (HR = 5.32, p < 0.0001) as potential independent risk factors for patients with CRC. The sub-cohort survival analyses classified according to chemotherapy after surgery revealed that CRC patients with wild-type p53 expression tended to have better survival than those with overexpression or complete loss after chemotherapy. Thus, immunohistochemistry for p53 could be used for the prognostication and chemotherapy target selection of patients with CRC.     

All solid-state battery with sulfur electrode and thio-LISICON electrolyte

A high-capacity type of all solid-state battery was developed using sulfur electrode and the thio-LISICON electrolyte. New nano-composite of sulfur and acetylene black (AB) with an average particle size of 1–10 nm was fabricated by gas-phase mixing and showed a reversible capacity of 900 mAh g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.013 mA cm⁻².     

Molecular, seasonal, and spatial distributions of organic aerosols from fourteen Chinese cities

Organic aerosols were studied at the molecular level in 14 coastal and inland mega-cities in China during winter and summer 2003. They are characterized by the abundant presence of n-alkanes (annual average, 340 ng m(-3)), fatty acids (769 ng m(-3)), sugars (412 ng m(-3)), and phthalates (387 ng m(-3)). In contrast, fatty alcohols, polyols/polyacids, lignin and resin products, sterols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and hopanes were detected as relatively minor components. n-Alkanes show a weak odd/even carbon predominance (CPI = 1.1) and PAHs show a predominance of benzo(b)fluoranthene, suggesting a serious contribution from fossil fuel (mainly coal) combustion. Their concentrations (except for phthalates and polyols/polyacids) were 2-15 times higher in winter than summer due to a significant usage of coal burning and an enhancement of atmospheric inversion layers. Phthalates were found to be more abundant in summer than winter, probably due to enhanced vaporization from plastics followed by adsorptive deposition on the pre-existing particles. Concentrations of total quantified compounds are extremely high (approximately 10 microg m(-3)) in the midwest (Chongqing and Xi'an) where active industrialization/urbanization is going on. This study shows that concentrations of the compounds detected are 1-3 orders of magnitude higher than those reported from developed countries.     

丝锥全生命周期参数对攻丝性能影响的研究

采用正交试验法完成了HSS/Co-M35含钴高速钢丝锥加工Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的攻丝试验。利用极差分析法研究了丝锥全生命周期参数即丝锥前角(刀具设计参数)、刃口钝化半径(刀具制造参数)、主轴转速(刀具使用参数)对攻丝性能的影响。利用综合评分法将扭矩max、轴向切削力max和切削温度max等3项攻丝性能指标转化为单一综合切削性能指标y*i,分析结果表明:攻钛合金时丝锥全生命周期参数取刃口钝化半径0.01 mm,丝锥前角10°,主轴转速150 r/min时最优。通过试验与数值模拟获得的扭矩值及趋势、切屑形态及切削刃对比图,验证了在Advant Edge FEM软件中建立的丝锥攻Ti-6Al-4V钛合金模型的可靠性。     

Sequestration of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor m2 subtypes. Facilitation by G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK2) and attenuation by a dominant-negative mutant of GRK2

Sequestration of m2 receptors (muscarinic acetylcholine receptor m2 subtypes), which was assessed as loss of N-[3H]methylscopolamine ([3H]NMS) binding activity from the cell surface, was examined in COS 7 and BHK-21 cells that had been transfected with expression vectors encoding the m2 receptor and, independently, vectors encoding a G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK2) (beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1) or a GRK2 dominant-negative mutant (DN-GRK2). The sequestration of m2 receptors became apparent when the cells were treated with 10(-5) M or higher concentrations of carbamylcholine. In this case, approximately 40% or 20-25% of the [3H]NMS binding sites on COS 7 or BHK-21 cells, respectively, were sequestered with a half-life of 15-25 min. In cells in which GRK2 was also expressed, the sequestration became apparent in the presence of 10(-7) M carbamylcholine. Approximately 40% of the [3H]NMS binding sites on both COS 7 and BHK-21 cells were sequestered in the presence of 10(-6) M or higher concentrations of carbamylcholine. When DN-GRK2 was expressed in COS 7 cells, the proportion of [3H]NMS binding sites sequestered in the presence of 10(-5) M or higher concentrations of carbamylcholine was reduced to 20-30%. These results indicate that the phosphorylation of m2 receptors by GRK2 facilitates their sequestration. These results are in contrast with the absence of a correlation between sequestration and the phosphorylation of beta-adrenergic receptors by the GRK2 and suggests that the consequences of phosphorylation by GRK2 are different for different receptors.     

No involvement of APC gene mutations in ulcerative colitis-associated rat colon carcinogenesis induced by 1-hydroxyanthraquinone and methylazoxymethanol acetate

In 1992, 1531 women aging 25-45 years from 5 urban and rural regions were interviewed about infertility and subfecundity within the German part of a study by the European community. 1248 of them had a positive reproductive history with 3018 pregnancies. 400 (= 13.25%) occurred during contraception. This affected 296 women (= 19.6% of all women). Smoking seems to have a promotion effect. The risk of ectopic pregnancies seems to be higher in contraceptive users. The highest fetal loss was found in women using an IUD. There were no differences in the course and outcome of pregnancy between users and nonusers of contraceptives. About 40% of the women in the corresponding group reported an irregular application of the contraceptive technique.     

Voltammetric study of electrocatalysis for dioxygen reduction by trinuclear rutheniumammine complex confined in a polymer membrane

Electrocatalytic O₂ reduction was studied using a modified electrode coated with a Nafion membrane (Nf) dispersing a trinuclear ruthenium ammine complex ([(NH₃)₅Ru^IIIORu^IV(NH₃)₄ORu^III(NH₃)₅]Cl₆, Ru-red). When measuring cyclic voltammogram under O₂ atmosphere (at 0.5 mV s⁻¹), catalytic currents due to O₂ reduction were found to develop below −0.2 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Since Ru-red undergoes irreversible decomposition into the mononuclear complexes via the reduced state (Ru^III-Ru^III-Ru^III) (∼−0.1 V), it is suggested that the electrocatalysis originates from the decomposed species (initial active species: Ru^II(NH₃)₅(OH₂) and Ru^II(NH₃)₄(OH₂)₂) rather than from the Ru-red. Although the present electrocatalyst was also applied to H₂O₂ reduction system, the catalytic activity was found to be poor from the voltammetric behavior. It appeared that the kinetics of the electrocatalysis is much faster in the O₂ reduction than in the H₂O₂ one. A selective and direct catalysis for O₂ reduction into H₂O was suggested from a ring-disk voltammogram to take place by an aggregate of the mononuclear ruthenium complexes in the polymer matrix. In addition, it was found that electrocatalytic O₂ reduction involves a slow kinetic process, so that factors affecting the overall kinetics were discussed in terms of the catalysis mechanism.     

加压下液体过热的亚稳态

本文用液滴悬浮法测定了十四种碳氢化合物的加压情况下的过热极限，并经筛选由ｍｖｄＷ方程对过热极限进行了预测，发现两者符合较好。     

Effect of interfacial chemistry on the linear rheology and thermal stability of poly(arylene ether nitrile) nanocomposite films filled with various functionalized graphite nanoplates

Poly(arylene ether nitrile) (PEN) nanocomposites filled with functionalized graphite nanoplates (GNs) were prepared by a simple solution‐ casting method and then characterized by rheometer and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). This study investigates how the surface treatment of GNs affects the GN dispersion state. The linear rheological test indicated that the 4‐aminophenoxyphthalonitrile‐grafted GN (GN‐CN) presented better dispersion in PEN matrix than purified GN because the corresponding composite showed the lower rheological percolation threshold, which was further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and solution experiments. The TGA revealed that the presence of 4‐aminophenoxyphthalonitrile‐grafted GN retarded the depolymerization evidently compared with that of purified GN, showing remarkable increase in the temperatures corresponding to a weight loss of 5 wt % (increased by 21°C) and maximum rate of decomposition (increased by 9°C). Both the dispersion state and the surface functionalization of GN are very important to the thermal stability of PEN matrix. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013