用于空域扫描的表面离散化边界方程法

表面离散化边界方程法可以独立计算物体表面任意点处的电流密度,而所需求逆的矩阵阶数远小于矩量法.文中将它与渐近波形估计相结合实现了空域内的快速扫描,从而避免了许多重复计算.与矩量法相比,新方法降低了所需求逆矩阵的阶数,减小了存储需求,缩短了计算时间,提高了计算效率且易于并行计算.文中还将该方法成功运用到电大尺寸物体的散射问题中.计算表明对于尺寸越大的物体,新方法的优势就越明显.     

用雪崩三极管电路生成高压负脉冲技术研究

雪崩效应因为能在极短时间内输出极大电流,常被用来设计高压脉冲电路。分析了利用雪崩三极管电路生成高压正脉冲的实现方案,并提出了改进的设计,接着分析了脉冲输出过程中负载回路的电流流向,通过改变信号输出点,设计了输出高压负脉冲的电路。电路输出的脉冲幅度达到了-200V,前沿约3.2ns。与相似结构的正脉冲电路相比,性能略有降低。同时对性能下降的原因进行了分析。     

协同系统中预编码技术的发展

协同系统与多人多出系统具有相似性,在协同系统中引入预编码技术是方便可行的.本文从本地和虚拟天线阵的构成方式及系统拓扑等角度出发,对协同系统中的预编码技术进行了分类整理,总结了其研究现状.     

The red-light running behavior of electric bike riders and cyclists at urban intersections in China: An observational study

Electric bikes and regular bicycles play an important role in the urban transportation system of China. Red-light running is a type of highly dangerous behavior of two-wheeled riders. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the rate, associated factors, and behavior characteristics of two-wheelers’ red-light running in China. A field observational study was conducted using two synchronized video cameras at three signalized intersections in Beijing. A total of 451 two-wheelers facing a red light (222 e-bike riders and 229 cyclists) were observed and analyzed. The results showed that 56% of the two-wheelers crossed the intersection against a red light. Age was found to be a significant variable for predicting red-light runners, with the young and middle-aged riders being more likely than the old ones to run against a red light. The logistic regression analysis also indicated that the probability of a rider running a red light was higher when she or he was alone, when there were fewer riders waiting, and when there were riders already crossing on red. Further analysis of crossing behavior revealed that the majority of red-light running occurred in the early and late stages of a red-light cycle. Two-wheelers’ crossing behavior was categorized into three distinct types: law-obeying (44%), risk-taking (31%) and opportunistic (25%). Males were more likely to act in a risk-taking manner than females, and so were the young and middle-aged riders than the old ones. These findings provide valuable insights in understanding two-wheelers’ red-light running behaviors, and their implications in improving road safety were discussed.     

Ce-La-Mn超细粒子的制备、表征及催化性能研究

以碳酸铈、氧化镧和硝酸锰为主要原料,采用"溶胶-凝胶"法结合"超临界流体干燥"技术获取Ce-La-Mn气凝胶,在850℃热处理制备Ce-La-Mn混合氧化物,并采用TG-DTA、XRD、FT-IR和TEM进行表征,用"2CO+2NO=2CO2+N2"特征反应测试超细粒子的催化活性,考察超临界流体干燥技术与铈掺杂对超细Ce-La-Mn混合氧化物的结构、形貌和催化活性的影响。结果显示:经260℃超临界流体干燥得到的Ce-La-Mn气凝胶为分散性好的棕色絮状粉末,由大量直径小于10nm的球型颗粒组成,晶相为CeO2、MnO、La5O7NO3和La(OH)2NO3;经850℃热处理得到的Ce-La-Mn混合氧化物的粒径约为20nm,晶相为LaMnO3+λ、La2O3和CeO2;铈掺杂增加了LaMnO3+λ晶格中氧空缺数量,改善了催化的气氛条件,提高了Ce-La-Mn混合氧化物的催化活性。     

基于Zernike矩的快速图像配准算法

图像配准是机器视觉中的重要研究课题.本文针对任意角度图像配准问题,提出了一种基于Zemike矩的互相关算法.首先根据三角函数的对称性和反对称性,仅基于八分之一单位圆信息,快速计算Zemike矩;然后通过求取图像多个矩的互相关性,确定配准点位置;进而通过最小二乘拟合,得到亚像素配准位置;最终利用Zemike相位信息,估算旋转角度.同时,在线阶段采用径向多项式查表法加速配准过程.实验结果表明,该算法在保障配准精度的前提下显著提高了配准速度.     

激光双面区熔Al2O3/Y3Al5O12共晶自生复合陶瓷的制备与表征

采用激光区熔凝固技术制备大尺寸Al2O3/Y3Al5O12(YAG)共晶自生复合陶瓷,考察双面区熔条件下大尺寸氧化物共晶陶瓷的熔化及凝固成形规律,采用扫描电镜、能谱和X射线衍射对其凝固组织特征进行了表征和分析.研究结果表明:在优化的凝固工艺下,激光双面区熔增加了熔凝层的厚度,获得了熔凝层厚度8.2 mm,长度65.0 mm,致密度达98.5%±1%的Al2O3/YAG共晶陶瓷;共晶熔凝层厚度随激光扫描速率的减小而增加,随激光功率的增大而增大,并且致密度随着激光功率的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势;双面区熔后的Al2O3/YAG共晶陶瓷微观组织由均一分布、相互交织的Al2O3和YAG共晶相组成,共晶层片间距较小(1.0~3.5μm),且与凝固速度满足Jackson-Hunt公式;共晶间距随扫描速率的增大逐渐减小;双面区熔界面处共晶组织生长具有连续性,界面结合良好;共晶陶瓷的Vickers硬度为(18.6±1.0)GPa.     

炼油碱渣处理技术现状与展望

概括了国内炼油碱渣的主要处理技术,介绍目前这些技术的研究和应用情况,分析了碱渣处理技术存在的局限性,并指出生物处理技术具有更广阔的应用前景.     

N、F掺杂的TiO2膜电极在可见光条件下光电催化氧化诱惑红脱色效果的研究

纯TiO2光催化剂只能利用紫外光进行光催化反应,而通过金属／非金属掺杂可以扩大其波长吸收范围,实现在可见光条件下的光催化反应。该实验以NH4F作为添加剂,用溶胶一凝胶法制备N、F掺杂的TiO2粉末,并尝试用涂渍附着法制备了N、F掺杂的TiO2膜电极。选取诱惑红作为目标污染物,应用自制的斜板式液膜光电反应器,在≥400nm可见光照射下进行光电催化氧化性能的研究。考察了其可见光光电催化氧化的影响因素和光电催化的效率,确定最佳的优化条件为：偏压=1．0V,pH=1．5～2．0,Na2SO4=1000mg／L。可实现可见光条件下对30mg／L诱惑红染料溶液的脱色,其脱色率可达到40％。