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11.
Zusammenfassung Die Entwicklung der Dampfkraftanlagen zu immer h?heren Temperaturen, Drücken und Leistungen zwingt den Rohrleitungsbauer,
sich noch eingehender als bisher mit den Fragen der Elastizit?t, der Beanspruchung und der Festigkeit der Rohrleitung zu besch?ftigen.
Zu einigen der wesentlichen Fragen werden im folgenden rechnerische und experimentelle Beitr?ge mitgeteilt.
VDI 相似文献
12.
Gang Guo Guangli Liu Karsten E. Thompson 《Chemical Engineering Communications》2003,190(12):1641-1660
Many engineering problems require the estimation of mass transfer coefficients in porous materials. In heterogeneous materials or in cases where mass transfer sites are not spatially uniform, empirical equations for mass transfer coefficients vary widely, and the origin of these differences is not well understood. In this article, we use a stochastic algorithm to model mass transfer from single particles in a two-dimensional heterogeneous packed bed. The computed mass transfer coefficients are used to generate a distribution of local Peclet numbers in the bed. Detailed hydrodynamics are then used to interpret variations in the local Peclet number. The results show clear relationships between pore structure, streamline patterns, and mass transfer rates. 相似文献
13.
Z Chen A Spies R Hein X Zhou BC Thomas ML Richter P Gegenheimer 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,270(29):17124-17132
F1F0-ATP synthases utilize protein conformational changes induced by a transmembrane proton gradient to synthesize ATP. The allosteric cooperativity of these multisubunit enzymes presumably requires numerous protein-protein interactions within the enzyme complex. To correlate known in vitro changes in subunit structure with in vivo allosteric interactions, we introduced the beta subunit of spinach chloroplast coupling factor 1 ATP into a bacterial F1 ATP synthase. A cloned atpB gene, encoding the complete chloroplast beta subunit, complemented a chromosomal deletion of the cognate uncD gene in Escherichia coli and was incorporated into a functional hybrid F1 ATP synthase. The cysteine residue at position 63 in chloroplast beta is known to be located at the interface between alpha and beta subunits and to be conformationally coupled, in vitro, to the nucleotide binding site > 40 A away. Enlarging the side chain of chloroplast coupling factor 1 beta residue 63 from Cys to Trp blocked ATP synthesis in vivo without significantly impairing ATPase activity or ADP binding in vitro. The in vivo coupling of nucleotide binding at catalytic sites to transmembrane proton movement may thus involve an interaction, via conformational changes, between the amino-terminal domains of the alpha and beta subunits. 相似文献
14.
The growth structure of MgF2 and NdF3 films grown on polished CaF2(111) substrates deposited by molecular beam deposition has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of microfractographical and surface replications as well as cross-sectional TEM, atomic force microscopy, packing density, and absorption measurements. It has been shown that by taking advantage of ultrahigh vacuum environments and a special stratification property of MgF2 and NdF3 films, the preparation of nanocrystalline films of high packing density and low optical absorption is possible at a substrate temperature of 425 K. 相似文献
15.
16.
Helmut Richter Dr. rer. nat. Horst W. Tamler Dr. rer. nat. 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》1994,46(10):46-47
A new on-line texture-analyzing system and its application to nondestructive r value determination is discussed. In addition to providing a brief theoretical background and describing the instrumental set-up, the article presents off-line measurements with this equipment and demonstrates the high accuracy of the determined r-values. A special feature of the unit is the possibility to simultaneously measure the most important r values—r0, r45, r90, and rm. 相似文献
17.
P. Kurpas A. Oster M. Weyers A. Rumberg K. Knorr W. Richter 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1997,26(10):1159-1163
Reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) has been used to study As-by-P exchange during metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy.
The study focuses on the processes occurring during switching from GaAs to GaInP, especially the effect of purging PH3 over a GaAs surface. GaAsP/GaAs superlattices of different periodicity were grown and the P-content was determined by high-resolution
x-ray diffraction and correlated to the RAS spectra. From the temperature dependence of the P-content, an activation energy
of 0.56 eV was estimated for the incorporation mechanism. In addition to the insights into the processes at mixed group-V
heterointerfaces, our study demonstrates the reproducibility of RAS transients that thus can be used for process monitoring. 相似文献
18.
19.
The platinum-selenium phase diagram was investigated by differential thermal analysis, metallography, and X-ray powder diffraction
methods. The two previously known intermediate phases, Pt5Se4 and PtSe2, both melt congruently: Pt5Se4 at ∼1070 °C and PtSe2 (under its own vapor pressure) at 1245 ± 10 °C. Pt5Se4 forms a eutectic with Pt at 1065 ± 2 °C and ∼42 at % Se and another one with PtSe2 at 1067 ± 2 °C and somewhat below 45 at.% Se. On cooling, Pt and PtSe2 form a metastable eutectic at 1037 ± 2 °C and ∼43 at % Se. Between PtSe2 and Se, a degenerate eutectic was found at 221 °C, which also indicates negligible solubility of platinum in solid selenium. 相似文献
20.