X-ray diffraction measurements in high magnetic fields and at high temperatures

A system was developed measuring x-ray powder diffraction in high magnetic fields up to 5 T and at temperatures from 283 to 473 K. The stability of the temperature is within 1 K over 6 h. In order to examine the ability of the system, the high-field x-ray diffraction measurements were carried out for Si and a Ni-based ferromagnetic shape-memory alloy. The results show that the x-ray powder diffraction measurements in high magnetic fields and at high temperatures are useful for materials research.     

Residual Stress in Siliceous Glass Between Mullite Crystals

A birefringence of siliceous glass, which is coexisting with mullite crystals, was studied by an optical polarizing microscope. The cause of the birefringence was assumed to be the residual stress induced by a large contraction difference between the mullite and glass on cooling. The stress has been evaluated to be as high as—0.3 GPa, and to correspond to the elastic one which began to develop at the glass transition point.     

Bis-(monoacylglyceryl) phosphate and acyl phosphatidylglycerol isolated from human livers of lipidosis induced by 4,4′-diethylaminoethoxyhexesterol

Bis-(monoacylglyceryl) phosphate and acyl phosphatidylglycerol were isolated from the liver of two patients with lipidosis induced by 4,4′-diethylaminoethoxyhexesterol. Identification was based upon the results of alkaline hydrolysis, acetolysis, IR spectrometry, and upon the determination of molar ratio of phosphorus-glycerol-ester. The contents of the bis-(monoacylglyceryl) phosphate were 10 and 16% total phospholipid phosphorus in them. The bis-(monoacylglyceryl) phosphate contained mainly docosahexaenoic (42%), oleic (29%), and linoleic acid (14%) and had the hemolytic activity of ca. one-eighth lysolecithin from egg yolk. Acidic lipids from the liver also were found to contain a lipid which is less polar than bis-(monoacylglyceryl) phosphate. The results of lipid analysis showed that the lipid possessed the structure of an acyl phosphatidylglycerol, and its content was ca. 2% total phospholipid phosphorus. Accumulation of 4,4′-diethylaminoethoxyhexesterol and its derivatives was found in clinical cases by thin layer chromatography and IR spectrometry. This fact suggested that human liver has an ability to metabolize the drug.     

Radiation-induced oxidative degradation of isotactic polypropylene

Gas evolution, oxygen consumption, and change of mechanical properties were studied for the γ-ray irradiation of isotactic polypropylene from ⁶⁰Co under various conditions, such as vacuum, air, and oxygen at room temperature. For irradiation under vacuum, G(H₂) = 2.9 and G (CH₄) = 0.09; the G values for other gases were very small. In the presence of oxygen, G(H₂) was the same, and the G values for other hydrocarbons were two times those under vacuum. The G values of oxidative products and oxygen consumption were G(CO₂) = 2.5, G(CO) = 1.1, and G(O₂) = 50 at oxygen pressure of 500 torr and were dependent on oxygen pressure. With irradiation under vacuum at 2–3 Mrad, mechanical properties scarcely changes immediately after irradiation but degrade gradually with storage time in air at room temperature.     

Suitable parameters of single-mode optical fibre

A new method for determining suitable single-mode fibre parameters is examined. Suitable fibre parameters are determinable by minimising cabling- and splicing-loss increases. An eight-fibre cable was manufactured and the loss increases were measured. ? = 0.2% and V = 2.2 are the values selected using this method and for the experimental results.     

Formation of conjugated diene and triene products in lipoxygenase oxidation of C18, C20, C22 PUFAs

The determination of conjugated diene formation revealed that the mol % conversions of allcis-6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid [γ-linolenic, 18:3(n-6)], allcis-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid [arachidonic, 20:4(n-6)], allcis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid [20:5(n-3)], and allcis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3)] into conjugated diene products by soybean lipoxygenase-1 at pH 9.0 were 84, 86, 60 and 40% of that of allcis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid [linoleic, 18:2(n-6)], respectively. On the other hand, the conversions of allcis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid [α-linolenic, 18:3(n-3)], allcis-5,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid (c5,c9,c12-18:3), andtrans-5,cis-9,cis-12-octadecatrienoic acid (t5,c9,c12-18:3) were equal to that of 18:2(n-6). The lowering of the conjugated diene formation in the oxidation of 18:3(n-6), 20:4(n-6), 20:5(n-3), and 22:6(n-3) by the lipoxygenase was thought to be caused by the further oxidation of conjugated diene monohydroperoxides to yield conjugated triene products. For this reason, the conventional lipoxygenase method gave erroneous values forcis,cis-methylene interrupted polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in oils containing a large amount of 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3) such as fish oils. However, by changing the pH of reaction mixtures from 9.0 to 11.0, the secondary oxidation of conjugated diene monohydroperoxides was completely inhibited, and the PUFA values in fish oils obtained by this improved method were in good agreement with those obtained by a GLC method.     

Development of Cutting Condition Monitoring System for ID-blade Saw Slicing Machine

1 Introduction There are two ways ,the multi-wire sawslicing method and the inner-diameter blade slicing method,re-cently used for cutting wafers froma single crystal ingot . Multi-wire sawbecomes more popular iningot slicingprocesses ,because it has an advantage for slicinglarge diameter or long siliconingot and has efficiency for massproduction.However ,this method is difficult to control the wire cutting the ingot along its crystal orientationandit is less correspond to the request of some …