氧化铝载体改性及其应用研究进展

氧化铝不仅价格低廉、易获取,且具有多孔性、大比表面积、高分散性、高热稳定性等优点,常用作催化剂载体,广泛应用于工业催化领域。氧化铝的孔结构对工业催化剂性能影响很大。为优化氧化铝载体的性能,对氧化铝的扩孔和添加助剂改性已进行了大量研究。扩孔改性可降低扩散阻力并改善传质、提高活性位点的有效利用率、增强抗结焦性能,进而提高加氢催化的产率;添加助剂改性可有效抑制氧化铝载体高温烧结和相变,防止孔结构被破坏,提高催化剂的寿命。本工作介绍了制备氧化铝的方法?拟薄水铝石脱水法和溶胶?凝胶法,综述了氧化铝的扩孔方法,总结了改性氧化铝载体的最新研究进展,包括自组装法、水热处理法、扩孔剂法;阐述了氧化铝添加助剂的改性方法,包括加入稀土金属氧化物、碱(土)金属氧化物、其它金属氧化物及非金属氧化物。最后,展望了氧化铝未来的研究和发展方向。     

中空硫球-MoS2/rGO材料的制备及其在锂硫电池中的应用

锂硫电池凭借高理论能量密度和高理论比容量的优势成为极具发展前景的储能设备。然而,单质硫和硫化锂的绝缘性、放电过程中产生的体积膨胀及多硫化物溶解导致的“穿梭效应”等问题,限制其商业化发展。为解决上述问题,采用低温液相法合成中空硫球（HS）,通过水热法制备纳米花状MoS₂/还原氧化石墨烯（MoS₂/rGO）,随后将MoS₂/rGO包覆在HS表面获得HS-MoS₂/rGO复合正极材料。利用XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS等对该材料的晶体结构、形貌等性质进行表征,采用循环伏安法、交流阻抗法以及恒流充放电对复合正极进行电化学测试。研究表明,MoS₂/rGO对多硫化物具有强吸附能力和高催化活性,能够有效限制多硫化物的穿梭;同时硫球的中空结构能够缓解体积膨胀,保持正极结构稳定。HS-MoS₂/rGO正极展现出优异的倍率性能和循环稳定性。     

Preparation and electrical behavior study of the ceramic interconnect La0.7Ca0.3CrO3−δ with CeO2-based electrolyte Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9

Based on the conventional interconnect La_0.7Ca_0.3CrO_3−δ, a novel ceramic interconnect for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells was developed. In the air, the electrical conductivities of La_0.7Ca_0.3CrO_3−δ + 5%Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9 at 600, 700 and 800 °C were 96.7, 146.3 and 687.8 S cm⁻¹, respectively, which increased significantly as compared with La_0.7Ca_0.3CrO_3−δ under the same conditions. Similarly, in pure hydrogen, La_0.7Ca_0.3CrO_3−δ + 3%Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9 possessed the maximal electrical conductivities which were 4.2, 5.3 and 7.1 S cm⁻¹, respectively at 600, 700 and 800 °C. The crystal structures of La_0.7Ca_0.3CrO_3−δ, La_0.7Ca_0.3CrO_3−δ + 5%Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9 and La_0.7Ca_0.3CrO_3−δ + 10%Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9 were single phase with hexagonal symmetry, cubic phase plus some doped ceria impurity and orthorhombic phase plus some doped ceria impurity, respectively. The difference between the crystal structures may account for the difference between the electrical conductivities. The electrical conductivities and sinterability of La_0.7Ca_0.3CrO_3−δ were increased by introducing Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9, whereas the other properties were not influenced.     

一种基于拉普拉斯矩阵的在线社会网络社区发现算法

Web媒体被公认为继报纸、广播、电视之后的＂第四媒体＂。而Web2.0的迅速普及,又使当今的Web媒体呈现了一种＂自媒体＂形式,即每个用户既是信息的接受者,也是信息发布者和信息转发者,因此,在当今的Web上形成了在线社会网络。研究表明在线社会网络呈现出一种很强的＂模块性＂（＂社区性＂）,因此,在在线社会网络中,社区发现一直是一个研究热点,即如何设计算法以发现大规模社会网络中的社区结构。文章提出了一种基于拉普拉斯矩阵的在线社会网络社区发现算法,该算法将在线社会网络转换成以拉普拉斯矩阵形式表现,通过计算该矩阵的谱并利用其性质发现社会网络上的社区结构。文章同时针对人造数据集与真实数据集进行了实验,实验结果表明本算法能够有效的发现社会网络中的社区结构。     

Synthesis of La_(0.9)Sr_(0.1)Ga_(0.8)Mg_(0.2)O_(3-δ) Powder for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell by a Nitrate-Citrate Combustion Route

A nitrate-citrate combustion route to synthesize La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-σ powder for solid oxide fuel cell application was presented. This route is based on the gelling of nitrate solutions by the addition of citric acid and ammonium hydroxide, followed by an intense combustion process due to an exothermic redox reaction between nitrate and citrate ions. The optimum technical parameters are that the pH value is 5, and the molar ratio of citric acid to the total metallic ion is 1.5:1. X-ray diffraction characterization of calcined gel shows that pure phase was synthesized after calcination at 1400℃for 10 h, and the TEM result shovvs the calcined powder with average particle size is about 150 nm. The grain resistance contributes to the total resistance of sintered peliet below 500℃. The conductivity of the sintered peliet at 800℃ was 0.07 S-1·cm-1 higher than the conductivity of YSZ (0.05 S-1·cm-1 at 800℃)     

基于局部小波矩的图像匹配算法

该文将图像的视觉不变矩特征引入到图像匹配领域中,通过提取图像的局部小波矩,提出了一种基于局部小波矩的图像匹配算法。并分别对所提出的算法,基于一般不变矩特征的匹配算法有关实验数据进行了对比分析,结果表明了该文所提出算法的可行性和有效性。     

Regulating Electrochemical Kinetics of CoP by Incorporating Oxygen on Surface for High-Performance Li–S Batteries

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are widely studied because of their high theoretical specific capacity and environmental friendliness. However, the further development of Li–S batteries is hindered by the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and the sluggish redox kinetics. Since the adsorption and catalytic conversion of LiPSs mainly occur on the surface of the electrocatalyst, regulating the surface structure of electrocatalysts is an advisable strategy to solve the obstacles in Li–S batteries. Herein, CoP nanoparticles with high oxygen content on surface embedded in hollow carbon nanocages (C/O-CoP) is employed to functionalize the separators and the effect of the surface oxygen content of CoP on the electrochemical performance is systematically explored. Increasing the oxygen content on CoP surface can enhance the chemical adsorption to lithium polysulfides and accelerate the redox conversions kinetics of polysulfides. The cell with C/O-CoP modified separator can achieve the capacity of 1033 mAh g⁻¹ and maintain 749 mAh g⁻¹ after 200 cycles at 2 C. Moreover, DFT calculations are used to reveal the enhancement mechanism of oxygen content on surface of CoP in Li–S chemistry. This work offers a new insight into developing high-performance Li–S batteries from the perspective of surface engineering.     

接入城市:天津市食品街停车楼方案设计

本文通过天津市食品街停车楼设计方案的介绍,探讨了在迅速发展的城市中,建筑自身功能的拓展与整合,建筑与城市在都市生活层面上的拓展与整合。建筑如何接入城市。     

液压元件CAD／CAM技术中的数据通讯

随着液压元件CAD/CAM技术的发展,传统的数控机床输入方法已日趋落后,而采用串行通讯传输数控代码,可大大地提高效率,减少人为误差,提高可靠性,减轻劳动强度。本文对此新的代码输入方式及数据通讯中的一些问题进行了研究与分析。     

水系电解质锂离子电池研究

水系电解质锂离子电池很有希望成为一种走向实用化的新型绿色电源,因为它比非水电解质锂离子电池和传统水系电解质二次电池具有突出的优点,如安全性好、制作成本低、无环境污染、生产环境良好、功率高等。本文归纳了近年来国内外在该领域研究的几种电极体系。并且对各种相关电极材料的研究进展进行了综述,介绍了水系锂离子电池性能衰减机理的研究现状,并对目前其存在的主要问题及发展前景进行了展望。